Constant angle surfaces in the Lorentzian warped product manifold I ×f E²1

Abstract

Let I ×f E²1 be a 3-dimensional Lorentzian warped product manifold with the metric g˜ = dt² + f² (t)(dx² ? dy² ), where I is an open interval, f is a strictly positive smooth function on I, and E²1 is the Minkowski 2-plane. In this work, we give a classification of all space-like and time-like constant angle surfaces in I ×f E²1 with nonnull principal direction when the surface is time-like. In this classification, we obtain space-like and time-like surfaces with zero mean curvature, rotational surfaces, and surfaces with constant Gaussian curvature. Also, we have some results on constant angle surfaces of the anti-de Sitter space H³1(?1).