Aesculus hippocastanum alleviates diabetic neuropathy by reducing MMP-9 and MMP-10 levels

Abstract

Background and Objective: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a prevalent complication of diabetes, characterized by neuropathic pain and motor dysfunction. The role of oxidative stress and inflammation in DN pathophysiology is well-documented. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Aesculus hippocastanum (AH) in mitigating DN symptoms, focusing on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Materials and Methods: The study utilized 40 adult male Wistar rats, divided into four groups: Control, diabetic and two AH-treated groups (receiving 10 mg kgG1 and 20 mg kgG1 AH, respectively). Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin (STZ) injections. Evaluations included lipid peroxidation (via malondialdehyde levels), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9 and MMP-10) levels, electrophysiological records (assessing compound muscle action potential), histopathological examination of the sciatic nerve and motor function tests (using an inclined plane). Results: The AH-treated groups exhibited a significant reduction in MDA levels, indicating decreased lipid peroxidation. Plasma MMP-9 and MMP-10 levels were also lower in these groups, suggesting reduced inflammation. Electrophysiological records showed increased CMAP amplitudes and decreased distal latency in AH-treated rats, indicative of improved nerve conduction. Histopathological examination revealed reduced perineural thickness in the sciatic nerve of AH-treated rats, suggesting less fibrosis. In motor function tests, AH-treated rats demonstrated enhanced performance, implying improved muscle strength and motor capacity. Conclusion: The findings indicate that AH treatment effectively reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in a rat model of diabetic neuropathy, leading to improved neuropathic symptoms. These results suggest that AH could be a promising therapeutic agent for managing DN, warranting further investigation for its potential clinical application.