MTF - Makale Koleksiyonu | Mimarlık Bölümü / Department of Architecture
https://hdl.handle.net/11729/2351
2024-03-28T14:42:35ZBaşlangıcından günümüze sanatın gelişimine kısa bir bakış
https://hdl.handle.net/11729/4999
Başlangıcından günümüze sanatın gelişimine kısa bir bakış
Gökçe, Gündüz
[No abstract available]
2016-07-12T00:00:00ZKültürel miras etki değerlendirme (KÜMED) kavramı, uluslararası yaklaşımlar ve uygulamalar: Türkiye’de KÜMED uygulanabilirliğinin irdelenmesi
https://hdl.handle.net/11729/3373
Kültürel miras etki değerlendirme (KÜMED) kavramı, uluslararası yaklaşımlar ve uygulamalar: Türkiye’de KÜMED uygulanabilirliğinin irdelenmesi
Çetin, Burcu Can; Gülersoy, Nuran Zeren
Kültür varlıklarının korunması ve yönetilmesi süreçlerinde, koruma ile gelişme önerileri arasında denge kurulmasında yeni ve önemli bir araç olarak tanımlanan kültürel miras etki değerlendirme (KÜMED) konusu, 2000’li yılların başında çevresel etki değerlendirmeden ayrılarak geliştirilmeye başlanmıştır. “The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)” Dünya Miras Merkezi ve “International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS)” başta olmak üzere, kültür varlıklarının sürdürülebilirliğinin güçlendirilmesi hedefiyle birçok uluslararası kurum ve kuruluş tarafından çeşitli KÜMED rehberleri ve ilkeleri yayımlanmıştır. Son yıllarda Türkiye’nin yakından izlediği Avrupa Birliği ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde, bu rehberlerin ülke mevzuatlarıyla bütünleştirilerek uygulanması uluslararası koruma literatürüne ve etki değerlendirme pratiklerine geniş katkılar sunmaktadır. Türkiye’de de KÜMED’in, mevcut koruma-etki değerlendirme-planlama sistemi içinde nasıl konumlandırılabileceği tartışılmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada, KÜMED ile ilgili uluslararası yaklaşımlardan ve örnek uygulamalardan yapılan çıkarımlarla Türkiye’deki kültür mirası ve etki değerlendirme ilişkisinin kurulabilmesi için benimsenmesi gereken KÜMED ilkeleri tanımlanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda; KÜMED kavramı açıklanmakta, günümüzdeki uluslararası çevresel etki değerlendirme yaklaşımlarında da görülen “proje” ya da “gelişme” odaklı perspektiften önemli ölçüde uzaklaşan, uluslararası koruma kurumlarının KÜMED yaklaşımlarına yer verilmektedir. Çalışmada ayrıca, gelişmiş ülkeler arasından KÜMED’e yenilikçi yaklaşımlar sunan ve Türkiye’de KÜMED’in geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayabilecek nitelikte çeşitlenen dört yurt dışı deneyimi olan Liverpool, Kinderdijk-Elshout, York Kenti Planı ve Özgürlük Anıtı örnekleri karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Uluslararası KÜMED yaklaşımları bağlamında Türkiye’de hazırlanmış KÜMED uygulamalarından sayılabilecek olan Haliç Metro Geçiş Köprüsü ve Avrasya Tüneli Türkiye’deki KÜMED sorunlarına dikkat çekilerek incelenmiştir. Ele alınan KÜMED uygulamalarının hepsinin öne çıkan nitelikleri ve güçlü özellikleri çerçevesinde Türkiye için ulusal bir koruma stratejisinin ihtiyacının yanı sıra; koruma-KÜMED-planlama sisteminin yeniden kurgulanarak bütünleştirilmesi gerekliliği vurgulanarak Türkiye’de uygulanabilir bir KÜMED için temel ilkeler geliştirilmiştir..; Heritage impact assessment (HIA) which is a new important tool to establish the balance development proposals within the processes of conservation and management of cultural properties, has shown remarkable progress since its differentiation from environmental impact assessment (EIA) in the early 2000s. Various HIA guidelines and principles among which UNESCO World Heritage Centre and ICOMOS take attention have been published by international institutions and organisations to strengthen the sustainability of cultural properties. While Turkey has followed the improvements in the E.U and the U.S. where the integration of these guidelines has enhanced HIA are integrated the integration of these guidelines into countries' legislation has contributed extensively to HIA practices put HIA into force in Turkey is still an outstanding question. Therefore, this study aims to describe a general HIA framework for Turkish conservation sites based on the international approaches and cases from E.U. countries and the U.S. The proposed framework includes a national conservation strategy for Turkey, a conservation-HIA-planning system design connected by HIA, and procedures and processes for an effective HIA. As the impact assessment refers not only to a legal procedure but also a technical tool, the study's methodology comprises literature research on the history of HIA and its evolution in Turkey, recent international perspectives of HIA, and examination of six case studies, two of which are from Turkey. Four cases from developed countries that represent innovative approaches to HIA are chosen based on their applicable regulations concerning HIA in Turkey and their impact assessment process and methodology. Turkish cases, on the other hand, exemplify how international HIA frameworks have been treated. It is crucial to see examples from developed countries that offer different HIA frameworks in addition to the ICOMOS' HIA Guidance for internationally listed cultural heritage. In this context, the paper begins with a brief introduction and continues with the conceptual explanation of HIA and case studies, respectively; Heritage Impact Assessment of Liverpool Waters, Heritage Impact Assessment Study of Proposed Spatial Plans on the Mill Network at Kinderdijk-Elshout, Heritage Impact Assessment of York Local Plan, and Heritage Impact Assessment for the Statue of Liberty New Museum Construction. In addition to their general HIA approaches, the scale and characteristics of the cultural heritage expected to be affected by the developments have been considered. The main theme of the third part includes the current relationship between cultural heritage and impact assessment practices in Turkey. Two HIA cases from Turkey, Golden Horn Metro Crossing Bridge and Eurosia Tunnel, are examined and evaluated. When all cases from E.U, the U.S, and Turkey's HIA challenges are considered together, it is seen that there are many problems to be solved fora more effective HIA. Linked with the Turkish challenges, these problems are evaluated, and recommendations are provided under three headlines: the gap in the Turkish legislation-Turkish National Conservation Strategy, the adaptation of international principles-HIA defined in the Turkish conservation-impact assessment mechanism, connection issues between theory and practice of HIA -A New Improved Process for HIA studies. In order to propose a robust HIA framework for Turkish conservation areas, it is found out that there is an urgent need for radical changes in planning, conservation, and impact assessment regulations as experienced in England and the Netherlands cases. This is described by the general conservation strategy for the whole country, grounded on Turkish cultural property descriptions. Similarly, each law or procedure within these three disciplines should be interconnected and integrated by putting innovative approaches into the planning system. As seen in the U.S. cases, although impact assessment and conservation could be connected via guidance on the actor relations, for an effective process, HIA should be built parallel to both conservation-management of cultural heritage and decision-making process of policies, plans, and projects. Therefore, the proposed HIA flowchart and its impact assessment phases constitute a more extensive process that includes three mechanisms to be managed by features of any conservation area. Inspired by the technical principles of ICOMOS HIA Guidance, evaluated legal systems, and considering the scales of cultural heritage, this study supports HIA theory and practice by declaring it as an integration instrument when it puts the cultural property in the centre.
2021-12-01T00:00:00ZChallenges of Turkish heritage impact assessment practices: case of canal Istanbul, Turkey
https://hdl.handle.net/11729/3372
Challenges of Turkish heritage impact assessment practices: case of canal Istanbul, Turkey
Çetin, Burcu Can; Gülersoy, Nuran Zeren
Heritage impact assessment (HIA) which has been implemented internationally after the Vienna Memorandum aims to contribute to both development initiatives and conservation principles. However, Turkish impact assessment practices still display inactive relationships with cultural heritage although the country developed alongside prior global experiences. Istanbul pioneered planning interventions and large-scale urban regeneration in Turkey, which has been the country's primary connection to global markets. Due to Istanbul's reputation as an investment centre defined by the government, the balance between conservation and development has become shallow. While Turkey introduced legislative measures from European perspectives, the country began to drift apart in terms of the logic behind HIAs since 2005, when the urban regeneration era commenced. In this context, Istanbul Canal exemplifies the Turkish approach of HIA, at the intersection of conservation and development, grounded exclusively in Turkish legislation. Established on the Canal Istanbul Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) practice, this study investigates the challenges encountered by Istanbul's cultural heritage, due to the hierarchical structure of the planning system, the adoption of international conservation and management principles, and the EIA-HIA processes and procedures. It considers that the deep-seated problems within the Turkish conservation-planning structure can be attributed to the ineffective HIA, and the results could contribute to the improvement of impact assessment mechanisms.
The ideal impact assessment process has twelve steps, six of which are part of the comprehensive impact assessment: description of the project, affected environment and alternatives; definition, prediction, assessment, and mitigation of impacts; production of impact assessment report; review of the impact report/study; consultation and participation; and final decision [43]–[45]. For the HIA, however, values of the affected cultural heritage site and significance assessment [1], as well as cultural, indigenous, and social assessments are prerequisites for a proper study [46]–[49]. Since the Turkish HIA system has not been established, HIA studies are conducted under EIA, in concordance with characteristics of development or features of an affected environment as being only “the world heritage”. Therefore, if development is applied for financial support from international institutions, the impact assessment team will follow the guidelines of the institution, and if the affected environment is listed as a world heritage, documents and suggestions by UNESCO and advisory bodies will be respected.
2021-01-01T00:00:00ZA hierarchical definitional framework for a heterogeneous context: housing typologies in Tirana, Albania
https://hdl.handle.net/11729/3305
A hierarchical definitional framework for a heterogeneous context: housing typologies in Tirana, Albania
Manahasa, Edmond; Özsoy, Fatma Ahsen; Manahasa, Odeta Durmishi
Purpose: The proposed definitional framework can be used to define housing typologies of cities in developing countries. It aims to define housing typologies in the capital city of Albania, Tirana, using the proposed hierarchical framework within the dynamics of four political periods: Ottoman, establishment, socialist and postsocialist. Design/methodology/approach: This study proposes a new definitional approach for the housing typologies through a hierarchical framework that defines the typologies based on their political period and legality statuses departing from the case of Tirana, which is featured by a heterogeneous context. Such context is characterized by uncontrollable urban development, making typology definition problematic. Furthermore, beyond the form, spatial and functional features, it presents their exterior distinctiveness as an innovative element. The methodology used in the study includes archival research, image documentation, spatial, functional and exterior distinctiveness analysis of housing typologies and exploration of housing form features in different political periods. Findings: The study identifies urban formal housing typologies in Tirana detached houses, apartments, mass housing, social housing, gated communities, informal detached houses and housing with in/formal additions. Originality/value: This definitional approach can be used to define housing typologies for cities featured by heterogeneous urban context.
2022-04-29T00:00:00Z