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Imaging of rough surfaces by RTM method
(IEEE, 2024) Sefer, Ahmet; Yapar, Ali; Yelkenci, Tanju
An electromagnetic imaging framework is implemented utilizing a single frequency reverse time migration (RTM) technique to accurately reconstruct inaccessible two-dimensional (2D) rough surface profiles from the knowledge of scattered field data. The unknown surface profile, which is expressed as a 1D height function, is either perfectly electric conducting (PEC) or an interface between two penetrable media. For both cases, it is assumed that the surface is illuminated by a number of line sources located in the upper medium. The scattered fields, which should be collected by real measurements in practical applications, are obtained synthetically by solving the associated direct scattering problem through the surface integral equations. RTM is subsequently applied to generate a cross-correlation imaging functional which is evaluated numerically and provides a 2D image of the region of interest. A high correlation is observed by the functional in the regions where the transitions between two media occur. Hence, it results in the acquisition of the unknown surface profile at the sites where the functional attains its highest values. The efficiency of the proposed method is comprehensively tested by numerical examples covering various types of scattering scenarios.
Engineering four-qubit fuel states for protecting quantum thermalization machine from decoherence
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-01-10) Özaydın, Fatih; Sarkar, Ramita; Bayrakçı, Veysel; Bayındır, Cihan; Altıntaş, Azmi Ali; Müstecaplıoğlu, Özgür E.
Decoherence is a major issue in quantum information processing, degrading the performance of tasks or even precluding them. Quantum error-correcting codes, creating decoherence-free subspaces, and the quantum Zeno effect are among the major means for protecting quantum systems from decoherence. Increasing the number of qubits of a quantum system to be utilized in a quantum information task as a resource expands the quantum state space. This creates the opportunity to engineer the quantum state of the system in a way that improves the performance of the task and even to protect the system against decoherence. Here, we consider a quantum thermalization machine and four-qubit atomic states as its resource. Taking into account the realistic conditions such as cavity loss and atomic decoherence due to ambient temperature, we design a quantum state for the atomic resource as a classical mixture of Dicke and W states. We show that using the mixture probability as the control parameter, the negative effects of the inevitable decoherence on the machine performance almost vanish. Our work paves the way for optimizing resource systems consisting of a higher number of atoms.
A review of recent innovations in remote health monitoring
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-12) Dalloul, Ahmed Hany; Miramirkhani, Farshad; Kouhalvandi, Lida
The development of remote health monitoring systems has focused on enhancing healthcare services’ efficiency and quality, particularly in chronic disease management and elderly care. These systems employ a range of sensors and wearable devices to track patients’ health status and offer real-time feedback to healthcare providers. This facilitates prompt interventions and reduces hospitalization rates. The aim of this study is to explore the latest developments in the realm of remote health monitoring systems. In this paper, we explore a wide range of domains, spanning antenna designs, small implantable antennas, on-body wearable solutions, and adaptable detection and imaging systems. Our research also delves into the methodological approaches used in monitoring systems, including the analysis of channel characteristics, advancements in wireless capsule endoscopy, and insightful investigations into sensing and imaging techniques. These advancements hold the potential to improve the accuracy and efficiency of monitoring, ultimately contributing to enhanced health outcomes for patients.
IEEE 802.11BB reference channel models for light communications
(IEEE, 2023-12-01) Miramirkhani, Farshad; Baykaş, Tunçer; Elamassie, Mohammed; Uysal, Murat
Increasing industrial attention to visible light communications (VLC) technology led the IEEE 802.11 to establish the task group 802.11bb 'Light Communications' (LC) for the development of a VLC standard. As a part of the standard development process, the development of realistic channel models according to possible use cases is of critical importance for physical layer system design. This article presents the reference channel models for the mandatory usage models adopted by IEEE 802.11bb for the evaluation of system proposals. The use cases include industrial, medical, enterprise, and residential scenarios. Channel impulse responses and corresponding frequency responses are obtained for each use case using a ray tracing approach based on realistic specifications for transmitters and receivers, and optical characterization of the environment.
Superactivating bound entanglement in quantum networks via quantum Zeno dynamics and a novel algorithm for optimized Zeno evolution
(MDPI, 2023-01) Özaydın, Fatih; Bayrakçı, Veysel; Altıntaş, Azmi Ali; Bayındır, Cihan
An arbitrary amount of entanglement shared among nodes of a quantum network might be nondistillable if the nodes lack the information on the entangled Bell pairs they share. Making such a system distillable, which is called the superactivation of bound entanglement (BE), was shown to be possible through systematic quantum teleportation between the nodes, requiring the implementation of controlled-gates scaling with the number of nodes. In this work, we show in two scenarios that the superactivation of BE is possible if nodes implement the proposed local quantum Zeno strategies based on only single qubit rotations and simple threshold measurements. In the first scenario we consider, we obtain a two-qubit distillable entanglement system as in the original superactivation proposal. In the second scenario, we show that superactivation can be achieved among the entire network of eight qubits in five nodes. In addition to obtaining all-particle distillable entanglement, the overall entanglement of the system in terms of the sum of bipartite cuts is increased. We also design a general algorithm with variable greediness for optimizing the QZD evolution tasks. Implementing our algorithm for the second scenario, we show that a significant improvement can be obtained by driving the initial BE system into a maximally entangled state. We believe our work contributes to quantum technologies from both practical and fundamental perspectives bridging nonlocality, bound entanglement and the quantum Zeno dynamics among a quantum network.
Metamutator based universal, single input multi output current mode filter
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2023-03) Göknar, İzzet Cem; Minayi, Elham
The introduction of Add - Differentiate IC, AD-IC, a new integrated circuit, into schemes for realizing single input multiple output current mode filters is the motivation behind this paper. In the circuit structure of this filter with only one active device with a minimal number of transistors and five passive components are being used. Non ideal effects of the design are investigated and simulation results of the application, using TSMC 0.25 ?m process parameters with ±1.25 V power supply voltage and the bias (Formula presented.) as 0.8 V resulting in 0.99 mW power dissipation for the entire filter, are also presented to confirm the theoretical analysis. With this new design technique, the tunabilities of the angular frequency ((Formula presented.)) and quality factor ((Formula presented.)) can be performed independently.
Inverse scattering by perfectly electric conducting (PEC) rough surfaces: an equivalent model with line sources
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Sefer, Ahmet; Yapar, Ali
This paper presents a new method for the reconstruction of the perfectly electric conducting (PEC) rough surface profiles by utilizing electromagnetic waves. The inaccessible rough surface is illuminated by a tapered plane electromagnetic wave and the scattered field data are measured on a certain number of points above the surface under test. The method for the inverse electromagnetic imaging problem is based on a special representation of the scattered field in terms of a finite number of fictitious discrete line sources located along a plane below the rough surface. The current densities of these fictitious sources are obtained through the regularized solution of an ill-posed problem. Then, it is shown that the image of the rough surface can be directly retrieved by seeking the points in the space where the tangential component of the total electric field vanishes. Alternatively, a much more rigorous iterative method based on a regularized Newton algorithm is also presented. A comprehensive numerical analysis is provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the presented approach. In this context, the quantitative successes of both approaches are interpreted by considering a very sensitive ?2-norm based error function between the actual and the reconstructed surface profiles. Regarding different scattering scenarios taken into account, the error values obtained for satisfactory reconstructions are generally in the range of 10% - 30% for both methods. It is also shown that the presented algorithms are capable of reconstructing the rough surfaces which oscillate for every ? horizontally and have a peak to peak variation 0.5? at most.
Prisoners’ dilemma in a spatially separated system based on spin–photon interactions
(MDPI, 2022-09) Altıntaş, Azmi Ali; Özaydın, Fatih; Bayındır, Cihan; Bayrakçı, Veysel
Having access to ideal quantum mechanical resources, the prisoners’ dilemma can be ceased. Here, we propose a distributed quantum circuit to allow spatially separated prisoners to play the prisoners’ dilemma game. Decomposing the circuit into controlled-Z and single-qubit gates only, we design a corresponding spin–photon-interaction-based physical setup within the reach of current technology. In our setup, spins are considered to be the players’ logical qubits, which can be realized via nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond or quantum dots coupled to optical cavities, and the game is played via a flying photon realizing logic operations by interacting with the spatially separated optical cavities to which the spin qubits are coupled. We also analyze the effect of the imperfect realization of two-qubit gates on the game, and discuss the revival of the dilemma and the emergence of new Nash equilibria.
Optimized fractional-order Butterworth filter design in complex F-plane
(Springer Nature, 2022-10) Mahata, Shibendu; Herencsar, Norbert; Kubanek, David; Göknar, İzzet Cem
This paper introduces a new technique to optimally design the fractional-order Butterworth low-pass filter in the complex F-plane. Design stability is assured by incorporating the critical phase angle as an inequality constraint. The poles of the proposed approximants reside on the unit circle in the stable region of the F-plane. The improved accuracy of the suggested scheme as compared to the recently published literature is demonstrated. A mixed-integer genetic algorithm which considers the parallel combinations of resistors and capacitors for the Valsa network is used to optimize the frequency responses of the fractional-order capacitor emulators as part of the experimental verification using the Sallen–Key filter topology. The total harmonic distortion and spurious-free dynamic range of the practical 1.5th-order Butterwoth filter are measured as 0.13% and 62.18 dBc, respectively; the maximum and mean absolute relative magnitude errors are 0.03929 and 0.02051, respectively.
Quantum Zeno repeaters
(Nature Research, 2022-09-12) Bayrakçı, Veysel; Özaydın, Fatih
Quantum repeaters pave the way for long-distance quantum communications and quantum Internet, and the idea of quantum repeaters is based on entanglement swapping which requires the implementation of controlled quantum gates. Frequently measuring a quantum system affects its dynamics which is known as the quantum Zeno effect (QZE). Beyond slowing down its evolution, QZE can be used to control the dynamics of a quantum system by introducing a carefully designed set of operations between measurements. Here, we propose an entanglement swapping protocol based on QZE, which achieves almost unit fidelity. Implementation of our protocol requires only simple frequent threshold measurements and single particle rotations. We extend the proposed entanglement swapping protocol to a series of repeater stations for constructing quantum Zeno repeaters which also achieve almost unit fidelity regardless of the number of repeaters. Requiring no controlled gates, our proposal reduces the quantum circuit complexity of quantum repeaters. Our work has potential to contribute to long distance quantum communications and quantum computing via quantum Zeno effect.
A new novel synchronization index of brain networks in hyperbolic EEG dynamics
(Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2022-06) Demirer, Rüştü Murat
The functional connectivity ofbrain connectivity changes its pattern over time i.e. dynamics, even in the resting state with an infinite number of degrees of freedom with local couplings. Recently, quantifying the level of synchrony has received considerable attention. We hypothesized that time-varying instantaneous phase synchronization over local couplings are defined in hyperbolic space and different brain regions can identify failures, flexibility, and stability in network dynamics.Our goal is to understand the phase synchronization changes of the beta-gamma band, and in addition, to investigate Shannon entropy based on phase synchronization stability. Whole EEG dynamics from local phase synchronizations was used to detect treatment resistance from both hemispheres in OCD patients. Temporal filtering and Hilbert transforms were performed to infer beta-gamma band phase difference activity from the EEG brain dynamics.Then, the response beta-gamma band phase stability was quantified using a new phase synchronization index (PSI). Results indicated significantly changed phase synchronization of the response and non-response to treatment, patients in OCD patients in F7 electrode. Greater phase fluctuations of beta-gamma synchronizations in treatment resistance OCD is claiming phase deficiencies within neural populations.This study first provides experimental and theoretical support for characterizing cycle structure depends on the non-Euclidian dynamics of neural phase synchrony caused by disturbances of underlying neurotransmitter systems, as reflected in different normal and disease states.
Deri lezyonlarının evrişimsel yapay sinir ağları ile sınıflandırılması
(Pamukkale Univ, 2022-07-10) Bilginer, Onur; Tunga, Burcu; Demirer, Rüştü Murat
Bu çalışmada Uluslararası Deri Görüntüleme Birliği tarafından 2019 yılında yayınlanan ve 25000’den fazla dermoskopik deri görüntüsü içeren ISIC 2019 veri seti kullanılarak 4 çeşit (Melanom, Melanositik Nevüs, Bazal Hücreli Karsinom, İyi Huylu Keratoz) deri pigmentasyonu Evrişimsel Sinir Ağları yöntemi yardımıyla sınıflandırılmıştır. Sınıflandırma yapılırken InceptionV3 yapay sinir ağı mimarisi kullanılmıştır. Deri görüntülerine önişlem olarak Hilbert Dönüşümü ve Yüksek Boyutlu Model Gösterilimi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre test verisi üzerinde Hilbert Dönüşümü uygulanmış görüntülerde Bazal Hücreli Karsinom hastalığının sınıflandırılmasında %89 başarı oranı elde edilmiştir. Yüksek Boyutlu Model Gösterilimi ile Kontrast Artırımı uygulanan görsellerde ise Melanomun sınıflandırılmasında %78 başarı oranı elde edilmiştir.
CNN-Based deep learning architecture for electromagnetic imaging of rough surface profiles
(IEEE, 2022-10) Aydın, İzde; Budak, Güven; Sefer, Ahmet; Yapar, Ali
A convolutional neural network (CNN) based deep learning (DL) technique for electromagnetic imaging of rough surfaces separating two dielectric media is presented. The direct scattering problem is formulated through the conventional integral equations and the synthetic scattered field data is produced by a fast numerical solution technique which is based on Method of Moments (MoM). Two different special CNN architectures are designed and implemented for the solution of the inverse rough surface imaging problem wherein both random and deterministic rough surface profiles can be imaged. It is shown by a comprehensive numerical analysis that the proposed deep-learning (DL) inversion scheme is very effective and robust.
Recovery of impenetrable rough surface profiles via CNN-based deep learning architecture
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022-08-18) Aydın, İzde; Budak, Güven; Sefer, Ahmet; Yapar, Ali
In this paper, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep learning (DL) architecture for the solution of an electromagnetic inverse problem related to imaging of the shape of the perfectly electric conducting (PEC) rough surfaces is addressed. The rough surface is illuminated by a plane wave and scattered field data is obtained synthetically through the numerical solution of surface integral equations. An effective CNN-DL architecture is implemented through the modelling of the rough surface variation in terms of convenient spline type base functions. The algorithm is numerically tested with various scenarios including amplitude only data and shown that it is very effective and useful.
Semantic communications in networked systems: a data significance perspective
(IEEE, 2022-07-01) Uysal, Elif; Kaya, Onur; Ephremides, Anthony; Gross, James; Codreanu, Marian; Popovski, Petar; Assaad, Mohamad; Liva, Gianluigi; Munari, Andrea; Soret, Beatriz; Soleymani, Touraj; Johansson, Karl Henrik
We present our vision for a departure from the established way of architecting and assessing communication networks, by incorporating the semantics of information for communications and control in networked systems. We define semantics of information, not as the meaning of the messages, but as their significance, possibly within a real time constraint, relative to the purpose of the data exchange. We argue that research efforts must focus on laying the theoretical foundations of a redesign of the entire process of information generation, transmission and usage in unison by developing: advanced semantic metrics for communications and control systems; an optimal sampling theory combining signal sparsity and semantics, for real-time prediction, reconstruction and control under communication constraints and delays; semantic compressed sensing techniques for decision making and inference directly in the compressed domain; semantic-aware data generation, channel coding, feedback, multiple and random access schemes that reduce the volume of data and the energy consumption, increasing the number of supportable devices. This paradigm shift targets jointly optimal information gathering, information dissemination, and decision making policies in networked systems.
Enabling 5G indoor services for residential environment using VLC technology
(Elsevier B.V., 2022-03-10) Miramirkhani, Farshad; Karbalayghareh, Mehdi; Zeydan, Engin; Mitra, Rangeet
Visible light communication (VLC) has emerged as a viable complement to traditional radio frequency (RF) based systems and as an enabler for high data rate communications for beyond-5G (B5G) indoor communication systems. In particular, the emergence of new B5G-based applications with quality of service (QoS) requirements and massive connectivity has recently led to research on the required service-levels and the development of improved physical (PHY) layer methods. As part of recent VLC standards development activities, the IEEE has formed the 802.11bb “Light Communications (LC) for Wireless Local Area Networking” standardization group. This paper investigates the network requirements of 5G indoor services such as virtual reality (VR) and high-definition (HD) video for residential environments using VLC. In this paper, we consider such typical VLC scenarios with additional impairments such as light-emitting diode (LED) nonlinearity and imperfect channel feedback, and propose hyperparameter-free mitigation techniques using Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) methods. In this context, we also propose using a direct current biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM)-based adaptive VLC transmission method that uses precomputed bit error rate (BER) expressions for these RKHS-based detection methods and performs adaptive BER-based modulation-order switching. Simulations of channel impulse responses (CIRs) show that the adaptive transmission method provides significantly improved error rate performance, which makes it promising for high data rate VLC-based 5G indoor services.
Inductor saturation compensation in three-phase three-wire voltage-source converters via inverse system dynamics
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022-05-01) Özkan, Ziya; Hava, Ahmet Masum
In three-phase three-wire (3P3W) voltage-source converter (VSC) systems, utilization of filter inductors with deep saturation characteristics is often advantageous due to the improved size, cost, and efficiency. However, with the use of conventional synchronous frame current control methods, the inductor saturation results in significant dynamic performance loss and poor steady-state current waveform quality. This article proposes an inverse dynamic model-based compensation (IDMBC) method to overcome these performance issues. For this purpose, two-phase exact modeling of the 3P3W VSC control system is obtained. Based on the modeling, the inverse system dynamic model of the nonlinear system is obtained and employed such that the nonlinear plant is converted to a virtual linear inductor system for linear current regulators to perform satisfactorily. Further, to control phase currents in the synchronous frame, a two-phase coordinate transformation is proposed. The IDMBC method is tested via dynamic command response and waveform quality simulations and experiments that employ saturable inductors reaching down from full inductance at zero current to 1/9th inductance at full current. The results obtained demonstrate the suitability of the method for 3P3W VSCs employing saturable inductors.
Image recovery of inaccessible rough surfaces profiles having impedance boundary condition
(IEEE, 2022) Sefer, Ahmet; Yapar, Ali
This letter addresses a reconstruction algorithm of locally rough inaccessible surface profiles via the knowledge of the scattered field data under the consideration of the impedance boundary condition (IBC). To this aim, first, the synthetic scattered field data are obtained through the solution of the conventional surface integral equation (SIE) written on the rough surface. Then, the same SIE together with the data equation is solved iteratively via Newton's method to obtain the image of the rough surface profile. In the numerical implementation, the nonlinear ill-posed inverse problem is linearized in an iterative fashion via the Newton method and regularized by Tikhonov in the least-squares sense. The feasibility of the algorithm is provided via numerical examples, which shows that the method is effective and promising.
Reconstruction algorithm for impenetrable rough surface profile under Neumann boundary condition
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022-05-24) Sefer, Ahmet; Yapar, Ali
In this paper, an algorithm to reconstruct one-dimensional impenetrable rough surface from the knowledge of scattering field is presented. The rough surface is considered as locally perturbed and the scattering field data are collected above the roughness in a simple non-magnetic medium considering Neumann boundary condition. First, the surface integral equation constituted via the Neumann boundary condition is solved and scattering field data are observed synthetically. Then, the same surface integral equation together with the data equation are solved in an iterative fashion to reconstruct the surface variation. In the numerical implementation, the so-called ill-posed inverse problem is regularized with Tikhonov method and a least-squares solution is obtained by using Gaussian-type basis function. Finally, numerical examples are carried out to illustrate effectiveness of the method.
Channel modeling and characterization for VLC-based medical body sensor networks: trends and challenges
(IEEE, 2021-11-15) Dönmez, Barış; Mitra, Rangeet; Miramirkhani, Farshad
Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) refers to transmission in unguided propagation media through the use of optical carriers, i.e., visible, Infrared (IR), and Ultraviolet (UV) bands. In this paper, we focus on indoor Visible Light Communication (VLC)-based Medical Body Sensor Networks (MBSNs) which allow the Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) to communicate between on-body sensors/subdermal implants and on-body central hubs/monitoring devices while also serving as a luminaire. Since the Quality-of-Service (QoS) of the communication systems depends heavily on realistic channel modeling and characterization, this paper aims at presenting an up-to-date survey of works on channel modeling activities for MBSNs. The first part reviews existing IR-based MBSNs channel models based on which VLC channel models are derived. The second part of this review provides details on existing VLC-based MBSNs channel models according to the mobility of the MBSNs on the patient’s body. We also present a realistic channel modeling approach called site-specific ray tracing that considers the skin tissue for the MBSNs channel modeling for realistic hospital scenarios.

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