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Yayın Structural analysis of steel truss and masonry bridge interaction: a case of Ali Fuat Pasha bridge in Sakarya, Türkiye(2023-10-02) Akşar, Bora; Özdemir, Muhammed Alperen; Tutar, Ali İkbal; Çakır, FeritRestoration of historical structures using new materials and techniques is widespread worldwide. In these applications, relatively new materials such as steel, concrete, reinforced concrete (RC), or composite are generally preferred. However, it is often ignored whether old materials and new materials work in compatibility. In this respect, Ali Fuat Pasha Bridge (or Bayezid II Bridge), which was built by Bayezid II in 1495 over the Sakarya River in Geyve-Sakarya, was examined. The bridge is 196.50 meters long and consists of 15 arches with different spans and three arches of the bridge were destroyed as a result of the earthquake. Then, the bridge has been restored by constructing a steel truss system in place of the destroyed arches. Within the scope of this study, the structural performance of the bridge, which is currently serving vehicle and pedestrian traffic, is examined by using finite element analyses (FEAs). Moreover, this research examines the combined behavior of steel and masonry materials and investigates the structural behavior of steel truss and masonry bridge interaction. According to the results of the analyses, there are significant behavioral differences between the masonry structure and the steel structure. The main cause for this disparity is thought to be the varying levels of stiffness and ductility in steel and masonry sections.Yayın An experimental study on RC beams shear-strengthened with Intraply Hybrid U-Jackets Composites monitored by digital image correlation (DIC)(Elsevier Ltd, 2023-08-22) Çakır, Ferit; Aydın, M. Raci; Acar, Volkan; Aksar, Bora; Akkaya, Hasan CemReinforced concrete (RC) beams are commonly strengthened using steel stirrups, but these materials have limitations such as added weight and susceptibility to corrosion. Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) offer a promising alternative to steel stirrups with high mechanical performance, low density, and resistance to corrosion and chemicals. In particular, Intraply Hybrid Composites (IRCs), which comprise multiple fibers oriented in different directions within a single matrix, have recently gained attention in the construction industry. Cakir et al. [1] investigated the use of three types of IRCs (Aramid-Carbon (AC), Glass-Aramid (GA), and Carbon-Glass (CG)) for strengthening 2-meter-long RC beams (the ratio of shear span (a) to effective depth (d) equals 3 (a/d = 3)) against shear fractures. In this study, the effects of these IRCs on the shear strength of 1.5-meter-long RC beams (a/d = 2) without transverse reinforcement were examined. In this scope, four-point bending tests were conducted on the beams after U-shaped IRC strengthening, and the impact of IRCs on shear strength was evaluated using both digital image correlation and classical measurement equipment such as strain gauges and linear variable differential transducers. The maximum load measured in RC1.5 was 194.50 kN, while the ultimate load capacity reached 265 kN in AC1.5, 246 kN in GA1.5, and 229 kN in CG1.5 after strengthening, representing increases of 36%, 26%, and 18%, respectively, compared to RC1.5. Additionally, the maximum mid-span deflections were determined as 30.40 mm, 16.10 mm, 22.20 mm, and 36.40 mm for RC1.5, AC1.5, GA1.5, and CG1.5, respectively. Moreover, the experimental results were compared with the predictions obtained from the international codes. It should be noted that the failure modes of RC beams are directly affected by the type of IRCs used, highlighting the significant contribution these materials can make to the structural behavior of RC beams.
