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Yayın Evolution of business models during the Covid-19 pandemic(PressAcademia, 2022-07-30) Teker, Suat; Örendil, EmrePurpose - The purpose of this study is to propose a comprehensive definition for business models, reviews and summarizes the findings of a previous work by Guckenbiehl and Corral de Zubielqui (2022) about how business models have evolved by providing insights from reshaped businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology - In this study, an extensive literature review is followed to learn about definition of business models and how business model have been adapted or even innovated during the times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings - Construction of a well-planned business model is a requirement for an organization to reach success. In the times of disruptive events, business models go through adaptive or innovative changes which is a necessity for survival and further success. It is observed that organizations generate different responses to crises (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic) in means of business model changes. The understanding of these differences is facilitated by the aforementioned work through grouping organizations in six different clusters. Conclusion - The structure of a business model prior to the COVID-19 pandemic was also one of the determinants of a business’s response to the pandemic. Businesses either made no changes in their business models, or made notable innovations, or little adaptations in response to the disruptive environment.Yayın Tracing the evolution of ecommerce: historical foundations, impacts of the pandemic, and future directions(Bayburt Üniversitesi, 2025-01-29) Örendil, EmreElectronic commerce, or ecommerce, has been a topic of interest particularly in the last years. While ecommerce activities are notably facilitated today, it has gone through notably different forms since its first seeds were planted. The COVID-19 pandemic was a crisis for most businesses but also an opportunity for some, especially for those who were able to pivot or transform their businesses with respect to the new needs of consumers. With the positive impact of the pandemic on ecommerce sector observed especially as of the second quarter of 2020, its trend has surpassed the expectations. This overperformance came with numerous sceptical questions about the future of ecommerce. This study investigates the historical evolution, pandemic-induced transformations, and future trends of ecommerce. It conveys a compilation of milestones through systematic literature review with a focus on the practicality. This paper provides with a timeline of the ecommerce history to bridge its evolution in the last 80 years by visualizing the phases it has been through along with its anticipated trend in the upcoming years. The studied data reveals how COVID-19 accelerated ecommerce growth and highlights its implications for global retail. The growth of ecommerce may slow down but it will endure its growth as online shopping has already become an indispensable habit.
