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Yayın Perspectives on Turkey’s 2017 presidential referendum(Rubin Center for Research in International Affairs, 2017-03) Celep, ÖdülUntil the 1980s, Turkey’s long-standing parliamentarism had precluded debates about presidentialism. In the following decade, the two right-wing presidents, Ozal and Demirel, briefly promoted presidentialism but failed to initiate a system change. However, the Justice and Development Party’s (AKP) 2002 electoral victory ushered in a new period; after over a decade of political dominance, the AKP, under President Erdogan, began pushing for radical and controversial constitutional changes. The April 16, 2017, constitutional referendum, proposed a new “partisan presidential system” with almost no separation of powers and without any checks and balances. The Nationalist Action Party (MHP), with a split and polarized base, initially objected to systemic constitutional changes, but later not only expressed support for them but became the key actor for the referendum. The entire process of the referendum seems to have produced a new cross-cutting cleavage in Turkish politics.Yayın Extreme right-wing parties and democracy : The effects of extreme right-wing parties on the politics of consolidated democracies(Saarbrücken: Lambert Academic Publishing, 2009-06-21) Celep, ÖdülThere is a widespread concern that the rise of the extreme right parties (ERPs) may disrupt democratic policies in consolidated democracies. The major source of this concern is ERPs' advocacy for authoritarian policies and their grievance about democratic institutions. This study investigates the urgency of this concern by focusing on the possible means by which ERPs are able to affect democratic politics. After determining ERPs and their comparative vote shares, this study examines the individual determinants of voting for them with respect to ideological affinity and political dissatisfaction. The evidence casts doubt on influence through actual or potential vote strength. Therefore the study raises the following question: Is the absence of vote support in many countries a consequence of the established parties having preempted or accommodated the ERPs' appeal by embracing their political demands? The empirical results demonstrate that several established parties have indeed moved rightwards in the last thirty years in a total of 19 consolidated democracies. Therefore, the real threat to democracy has come from the established parties rather than ERPs.Yayın Intra party autocracy of Turkey's party system(Epoka University, 2013-11-09) Celep, ÖdülDemocratic systems are unthinkable without political parties. Since its transition to multi-party politics in 1950, Turkey has enjoyed a stable yet limited level of stability in its multi-party system. Despite all the democratic experience in electoral politics for more than half a century, democracy exists only between, not within political parties in Turkey. The political culture of Turkey still tolerates one man-driven, charismatic leader parties administered with excessively centralized and authoritarian leadership structures. Turkey’s parties are still controlled mostly by men. What they differ is not the presence or absence of intra-party democracy, but their type of intra-party autocracy. This study explains the roots of party autocracy culture in Turkey’s parties. In doing so, it also develops a theoretical framework for comprehending and explaining intraparty democracy in democratic systems in general and in Turkey. It also specifies sociological, institutional and competitive criteria of intra-party democracy such as political culture, legal framework, preferences of individual actors as well as many others including gender quota, tolerance for dissent and the degree of power centralization.
