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    Rumination and the default mode network (DMN): a brain network review
    (Denta Florya ADSM Limited Company, 2023-06-01) Koçyiğit Ocak, Buket; Erdoğdu, Emel
    Rumination is one of the most common repetitive negative thinking patterns and described as a pathological structure that involves focusing negatively on the past events and their consequences. Two subtypes of rumination are defined, while brooding is considered as an unsuccessful problem-solving attempt focusing on the consequences of depressive symptoms, reflection is considered as a relatively successful problem-solving attempt focusing on the causes of the depressive state. Within the last decade, rumination has been studied by its connection with the activity of the Default Mode Network (DMN), which is known as a structure that connects specific brain regions that increase their activity during the resting state (rs) and was associated with selfreferential thinking, memory and mind wandering. Additionally, a few recent studies suggest that besides the activity within the DMN, some networks working simultaneously with the DMN may also play a significant role in rumination. Therefore, five rs-fMRI (resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging) articles assessing the relationship between rumination and DMN are discussed in this study. These studies show that while the communication of some DMN subsystems are increased during the process of ruminative thinking, some subsystems of DMN seems to communicate less. Moreover, some evidence suggests that DMN synchronization might be impaired in high-trait ruminators. Finally, it has been tried to emphasize the points and suggestions that are valuable for future studies.