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Yayın Relations of 1994 and 2000 crises and their effects in Turkish capital markets(Işık Üniversitesi, 2002) Soykut Sarıca, Yeşim Pınar; Dew, James Kurt; Işık Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yöneticiler İçin İşletme Yönetimi Yüksek Lisans ProgramıTurkey, one of the most rapidly growing emerging market, is a heaven for investors with young population, dynamic private sector, and liberalised financial markets. In this respect, the question of "Why does the Turkish economy always face with either a crisis or a program for guiding her out of a crisis?", comes to minds. In the analysis period of this research, the Turkish economy has experienced with two major crisis in 1994 and 2000, which are called as "balance of payment crisis". In the period, before 1994 crisis had happened, although the tight monetary and fiscal policies were supposed to be implemented, neither of them were successfully executed. In the final crisis, Turkey launched a comprehensive and consistent disinflation program at the beginning of 2000 in order to stabilise the economy, which resulted as the abondenment of the crawling peg exchange rate regime- the anchor of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)- drawn back the economic reform program, brought instant and massive market devaluation, souring inflation, and tumbling financial markets. Today, Turkish government aim is to keep the window of Turkey open to all investors and widen it enough to ensure that the government meets its borrowing requirements, banks make profit in subsidising the government while the rest of the economy continues to function with reasonable rates on loans and attractive interest on deposits in order to proper functioning of the economy. This research makes a brief survey on the relationship between financial system, particularly in capital markets and economic crisis, in order to give a general background for the role of capital market in the case of Turkey by taking main macroeconomic indicators as the leading variables and their effects on ISE as the coincidental. In the first part of the research, the emerging history of Turkish Republic is viewed for making clear the path, which Turkey followed as a developing country. In addition, the development of financial markets in Turkey is historically reviewed. After this introductory information, the effects of the deregulation and industrialisation are discussed. The discussion reflects the impacts of liberalisation upon the Turkish economy and financial markets. In the second part of this research, 1994 crisis is explained, the most severe crisis ever lived in Turkey of all times. This part continues with the chronology of the 1994 crisis and is followed by economic indicators in terms of results of the economic crisis. In the third part of this research, Turkey's problems remained the same including the high inflation rate. Turkish economy was launched a comprehensive and consistent disinflation program again. This part is followed by January 2000 and February 2001 crisis, which became as the most severe and destructive crisis ever lived in Republic of Turkey's history, worse than 1994 crisis, and resulted as another burden on Turkish economy. In the fourth part of this research, Turkish Capital Markets' development is reviewed particularly and ISE is considered for the assessment of the role of the development of Turkish Capital Markets. Current part is followed by the condition of ISE during the period 1994 through 2000, including movements in the size and the volume of market with major events of daily market environment. In the last part of this research, both crises are examined by using the financial instruments' returns in comparison with the ISE, the most efficient capital market of Turkey. Interest rates, T-Bill, foreign exchange market, money supply, and industrial production monthly returns are considered for plotting the analysis successfully on the ISE. In addition, for determining the relation between the ISE and other variables one-by-one, each of these returns are graphed. According to the results of graphs, the relation between 1994 and 2000 crises are brought into open and the reasons for 2000 crisis' getting longer than 1994 crisis are tried to be achieved. Relevant data and information have been obtained from several books and public sources such as company document press releases' annual reports, governments' statistics, databases, especially Proquest, and finally state's official web-sites and organisations' web-sites for periodic data which has been cross checked and correlated with statistics issued by the several organisations. Finally, it should be noted that, the capital markets is the most important arm of financial sector for Turkey. The future of capital markets in Turkey are highly interrelated with the stabilisation and the development in the entire economy. A better comprehension of the economic development and stabilisation package after the crisis helped public to understand the vital importance of entire capital markets.Yayın Uluslararası asbest ticareti, iş sağlığı ve Türkiye(Birleşik Metal İş Sendikası, 2017-01-01) Taşbaşı, Aslı; Soykut Sarıca, Yeşim Pınar; Sabah, SelenAsbest, geride bıraktığımız yüzyılda, düşük maliyetli, dayanıklı ve kolay işlenebilir bir mineral olması nedeniyle endüstride en yaygın kullanılan ara madde olmuştur. Bu özellikleri itibariyle iktisadi rasyonalite ile tutarlı gibi gözüken asbest kullanımının, insan sağlığı üzerinde orta ve uzun vadede yol açtığı onarılamaz hasara dayalı negatif dışsallık, aslında toplumların katlanmayı göze alamayacağı kadar büyüktür. Bu çalışma, dünya üzerinde birçok ülke tarafından yasaklanan veya en azından sınırlandırılan asbest kullanımı meselesine temel olarak iki perspektiften yaklaşmaktadır. Öncelikle, uluslararası iktisat perspektifinden, krizotil asbestin uluslararası ticaretinde tehlikeli kimyasal sınıflandırmasına dahil edilmemiş olması, mevcut düzenlemelerin gerçekte yetersiz ve biçimsel kaldığını göstermektedir. Diğer taraftan, iş sağlığı perspektifinden bakıldığında, asbeste maruziyetin insan sağlığı üzerindeki sonuçlarının gecikmeli ortaya çıkıyor olması yasak ve sınırlamalara rağmen meselenin daha uzun yıllar işçiler açısından gündemde kalacağını göstermektedir. Bu çıkarımlar ışığında Türkiye, hem tehlikeli kimyasalların sınır ötesi ticaretini düzenleyen Rotterdam Sözleşmesi’ne taraf olması; hem de asbest saçılışının en yoğun gerçekleştiği gemi söküm ve kentsel dönüşüme bağlı bina yıkım işlemlerinin yapıldığı bir ülke olması itibariyle ele alınması gereken bir araştırma nesnesi özelliği taşımaktadır.Yayın An economic analysis of the communication skills in globalised industrial relations: social dialogue and the negotiation process in Turkey(Univ Complutense Madrid, 2011-03-01) Soykut Sarıca, Yeşim Pınar; Şen Taşbaşı, AslıThe purpose of this paper is to provide an economic analysis of the social dialogue experience in Turkey with an emphasis on the role of communication in industrial relations. We ascertain social dialogue -and the related negotiation process- as a major communication form in industrial relations and attempt to find out whether it serves well to promote consensus building and democratic involvement among the main stakeholders in employment. We particularly question the success of the existing social dialogue structures and processes in Turkey in resolving economic and social issues through communication, advancing social and industrial peace, improving competitiveness through increased productivity and complying international commitments in employment.Yayın Women's empowerment and welfare traformation in the context of microcredit in Turkey(Pressacademia, 2015-06-04) Soykut Sarıca, Yeşim Pınar; Çağlı Kaynak, ElifGender inequalities are of the main problems in almost every society. Like all other parts of the system, economic and business environment haven't attempted sufficiently in struggling with this issue. When these inequalities combined with development problems the growth of poverty among women and their exclusion from society multiplies. Although there is so much struggle for constructing equal society women are still considered as ignorant part of the society and hence, vulnerable beings, who have to be protected and taken care of. In this sense women have not much chance for being "independent individual" both in social and economic terms. However these constraints upon women's vulnerability and inability are tried to be changed by Microfinance system to move from the perspective of women's empowerment. In this paper, we try to analyze whether the performance of practices by the non-governmental organizations ability to achieve objective to improve the living conditions and interest of the women in the society or not by comparing to micro credit organizations in Turkey. We also try to answer whether women's participation in employment contributes to well-being their lives and contributes their role in working life.Yayın Municipal Economic Enterprises vs. State Economic Enterprises: a new arena for employment patronage?(DİSK Birleşik Metal-İş, 2020-05-14) Oğuz, Ahmet Bünyan; Soykut Sarıca, Yeşim Pınar; Taşbaşı, AslıState Economic Enterprises (SEEs) have been going through a privatization process, which began in the 1980s, increasing its pace since the 2000s. Against this trend, some argue that Municipal Economic Enterprises (MEEs) are being used to create employment with populist policy intentions in recent years. These argument rests on the perception that the MEEs have replaced the SEEs in using employment as an instrument for populist policies. The purpose of this study is to compare the populist policies during the years 2003-2015 which mark the timeline that privatization took speed, by means of the employment provided through the municipality in contrast to the employment policies of the previous governments, realized through SEEs. Theoretical approach of the study is based on Gramsci’s theory of hegemony, which includes the key concepts of patronage, clientelism and social state. Research findings within the limitation of data unavailability suggest that, MEEs do not have a significant potential for populist policies by means of employment patronage. On the other hand, since MEEs manage their operations by means of outsourcing, subcontracting and tenders to private sector companies, one can suggest that there is a potential clientelism relation between them and their service providers.Yayın Institution-building on shop-floor employees’ representation with reference to international norms and representative industrial democracy: a first attempt to model dual-channel representation in Turkey(Birleşik Metal İş Sendikası, 2022-10-24) Dereli, Toker; Soykut Sarıca, Yeşim Pınar; Şen Taşbaşı, Aslı; Çağlı Kaynak, ElifThis article explores the feasibility of setting up a shopfloor social dialogue mechanism in Turkey based on the synthesis of EU Directive (2002/14/EC), the German works council model and various dimensions of Turkish labour law and practice. Evaluating the outputs of the questionnaire conducted between the years 2015-2016 and addressed to selected samples of representatives of labour unions and employers’ organizations as well as to officials of the Turkish Ministry of Labour and Social Security, the article proposes two alternatives for a dual-channel representation system: namely, the establishment of works councils to co-exist with unions and the election of employee representatives. Since the majority of Turkey’s workplaces are currently unrepresented by unions, it is assumed that either option may serve the objectives of adapting Turkish labour relations to international standards and locating representative industrial democracy at the core of work life.Yayın İş-aile yaşamında dengeyi bulma çabaları: Ülke incelemeleri(T. C. Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu, 2018) Soykut Sarıca, Yeşim Pınar; Çağlı Kaynak, ElifÇalışma hayatındaki bireylerin aile yapısının bütünlüğünün korunmasına yönelik uygulanan iş-aile yaşam dengesi politikaları ele alınmaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışma hayatındaki aile bireyleri ve kadına yönelik sosyal politikaların kapsamı ve bu politikalara duyulan ihtiyacın sebepleri ortaya konulduktan sonra, iş-aile yaşam dengesi uygulamalarına yer verilmiştir. İş-aile yaşam dengesinin korunmasına yönelik politikalar, Almanya, İsveç, Yunanistan ve Türkiye gibi farklı refah seviyesindeki ülkeler açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Türkiye’nin AB ‘ye üyelik sürecinde tam üyeliğinin bir ön koşulu olarak emek piyasasında iş aile yaşamı dengesini sağlayan yasal mevzuatın yeniden düzenlenmesi gündeme gelmiştir. Bu çerçevede yürürlüğe giren politika ve uygulamalar pratikte de etkin hale gelmeleri kolay olmamıştır. Türkiye’de iş-aile yaşam dengesi hususunda hali hazırda uygulanan politikaların geleneksel muhafazakâr aile yapısını korumaya yöneldiği görülmekte bu durum kadınların istihdamı, çocuk bakımı ve aile izinleri konusunda çalışmada incelenen diğer ülkelere nazaran Türkiye’nin geride kalmış olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.Yayın Do international trade and labor standards ameliorate synchronously?Estimation of labor demand elasticity in Turkey(2011) Soykut Sarıca, Yeşim Pınar; Taşbaşı Şen, AslıThe broad objective of this paper is to examine the challenges faced by the Turkish labor market in the aftermath of the so-called trade liberalization period, particularly questioning whether a prominent change in pattern can be observed in labor demand elasticity. In the study, labor demand elasticities in the exporting and import-competing sectors are estimated based on research undertaken between the years 1984 to 2001. Thus, the study looks for a vigorous link, or a dichotomy - if there is - between the strategies to stimulate international trade and the demand for labor.Yayın Wage determination under collective bargaining : inflation, productivity and profitabgility relationships (an empirical study)(Işık Üniversitesi, 2008) Soykut Sarıca, Yeşim Pınar; Dereli, Toker; Işık Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Çağdaş İşletme Yönetimi Doktora ProgramıThe dissertation focuses on disclosing the link between objective bargaining criteria(i.e the inflation rate,labour productivity,comparative wages and ability to pay)and the realized wage outcomes in Turkey. The extent to which each of the driteria is effective in the determination of the wage outcome in Turkey,this focus constitutes the main significance of the proposed study. The set of changes brought about by collective bargaining in Turkey has implications for the standard of living of wage earners, the welfare of the firms and the economy in general.The broad problem are is the role of criteria used in wage determination under collective bargaining in major firms of the Turkish economy. The problem definition is defining the effect of bargaining criteria discussed in indurtrial relations literature on the determination of wages in selected unionized ISE-100 Companies from 1998 until 2005.A survey of Turkey's related labour unions and employers' associations was conducted,using the face-to-face interview method. Kruskal Wallis analysis, Cross Tabulation analysis and Spearman Correlation analysis were then used to test the proposed framework.The study attempts to shed light on the determinants of the ISE-100 companies' wages by using panel data on the firms from 1998-2005.In particular it tries to extend the results by focusing on the roles of certain factors in wage determination by also constructing an Econometric Model,using the Panel Least Square analysis in order to test the proposed framework. Overall all the dimensions of the model were found to be effective in wage determination.however,the effects of each criterion seem to vary.Thus,it was possible under some circumtances for example to determine exactly what increas in wages was required to compenste for changes in comparative wages. However,the results suggest that inflation emerges as the most important criterion,followed by wage comparisons used most widely in collective bargaining. The link between wage bargaining criteria and the economic environment of the country in relation to wage levels.The findings are expected to contribute to research concerning the industrial relation system of Turkey.Yayın Digital banking during the COVID-19 era in Turkiye(Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, 2023-31-12) Oğuz, Ahmet Bünyan; Soykut Sarıca, Yeşim PınarThe Covid-19 pandemic which began in early 2020 in Wuhan, China and spread around the world, created a serious impact on personal and business life for all. While individuals tried to protect themselves from the pandemic and continue their lives, businesses also tried to cope with the change in individual consumer behaviour. This study analyses the digital banking usage trends in Türkiye, focusing on the Covid-19 pandemic period, between January 2020 and June 2022, under the precautions imposed by the government such as lock-downs, curfews and public access limitations to businesses, using available quarterly transaction and usage data on virtual credit cards, mail order and phone payments, contactless cards, domestic credit cards, number of credit and bank cards, digital banking, internet banking and mobile banking. Research findings suggest that while internet and digital banking usage increased, significant changes have been observed in contactless card, virtual credit card transactions indicating a shift in user preference in banking during the pandemic period either voluntarily or with the effects of the restrictions and intention to realize their transactions distancing themselves from the crowds. Further research analysing whether this shift is permanent or not is recommended.
