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    Scale matters: cross-scale dynamics of cross-border carbon adjustments
    (IGI Global, 2020) Taşbaşı, Aslı; Sarıca, Yeşim Pınar; Yüksel, Ahmet Hakan
    Climate change has palpable cross-scale implications given the severity of the matter epitomized in the prolonged discussions and negotiations between various parties that incur the consequences of the policy applications. Cross-border adjustment, though seemingly plausible, is a controversial method employed to mitigate the adverse potential impact of carbon emissions through placing an extra cost for the goods imported from countries that lag behind the standards set by multiple global agreements. Exercising cross-border adjustment on international trading activities is likely to have positive reverberations on taming the perils posed by climate change as well as triggering unforeseen perturbations in the interaction of actors involved in the global trading system. This chapter intends to shed light on cross-border adjustments via diagnosing the issues emerging out of the inter-scale interactions and question its effectiveness in micro and macro terms.
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    Economic dynamics of air pollution in Türkiye and Pakistan: an empirical assessment of the Environmental Kuznets Curve and pollution-led growth
    (IGI Global, 2026) Taşbaşı, Aslı; Akhtar, Maham
    Türkiye and Pakistan, despite differing levels of economic development, face similar macroeconomic challenges such as income inequality, inflation and debt. Both countries also experience environmental pressures from industrialization and rapid urbanization, with air pollution emerging as a critical concern affecting economic productivity and sustainable development. This study conducts a comparative analysis of air pollution in Türkiye and Pakistan from 1980 to 2023, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to examine the short and long run relationships between air pollution, urbanization, industrialization, energy consumption and macroeconomic policies. The analysis tests the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for Türkiye and the pollution-led growth hypothesis for Pakistan. Findings reject the EKC for Türkiye but confirm pollution-led growth in Pakistan, offering insights for effective environmental regulation and sustainable development strategies.