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Yayın Turkish consumers’ perception on organic food: an analysis for Turkish case(PressAcademia, 2019-07-30) Yarman Ak, Anda Elvan; Teker, DilekPurpose- The purpose of this research is to perceive and determine the reasons for buying and deterrents for not buying organic products; and to see if modifications in deterrents can increase purchase of organic products making it a value added for the economy. Methodology- As the main aim of the research is to determine Turkish consumers’ perception on organic food and figure out whether the modifications on the deterrents can convince the consumers to buy and/or buy more often organic products. As organic food agriculture can be a powerful element of the economy, the feedbacks of non-organic product users were deemed to be a good indicator on the path leading to increased demand and increased production of organic products. A survey composed of 41 questions is sent and this study summarizes the outputs of 556 responses. Findings- The outputs highlight the distrust in certification process as the main deterrent for not buying organic food. The pricing unreliability is also another crucial factor that prevents consumers to consume more. Conclusion- The outputs conclude as a proper modification to be performed on organic product availability, price and reliability on certification can increase organic product purchase and make it an economic resource.Yayın Doğrudan yabancı yatırımların Türkiye ekonomisi üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi(PressAcademia, 2020-12-31) Kılıç, Fatih; Teker, DilekAmac?- Bu çalışmada enflasyon oranı, işsizlik oranı ve sanayi üretim endeksinin, Türkiye’ye gelen doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları üzerinde etkili olup olmadığı incelenmektedir. Yo?ntem- Analize tabi tutulan datalar DYY, işsizlik oranı, enflasyon oranı ve GSYİH içindeki en yüksek paya sahip olan sanayi üretim endeksidir. Ocak 2005 - Mayıs 2020 arasındaki dönemleri kapsayan aylık veriler kullanılmıştır. Testlerdeki datalar TCMB EVDS, TÜİK ve Dünya Bankası’ndan alınmıştır. Bulgular- Serileimiz düzey değerde durağan çıkmıştır.Eş bütünleşme test sonucuna göre ,tüm değerlerimizin eş bütünleşik olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.Etki tepki grafiklerine göre tüm değişkenler, her göstergede meydana gelen şokları azaltmak için indirgeyici bir şekilde yanıt vermektedir. Şoklar etkisini ortalama 3 ayda kaybetmiştir. Sonuc?- Türkiye ekonomisinde doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları ile ekonomik büyüme göstergeleri enflasyon, işsizlik, sanayi üretim endeksi arasında uzun dönemde sıkı ilişki içerisinde olduğu görülmektedir.Yayın Cryptocurrencies and regulations: a comparative framework for international implementations(PressAcademia, 2023-02-01) Ozak, Ceyda; Teker, DilekPurpose- The recent developments in technology have created a remarkable increase in the financial markets. The decentralization of crypto assets and the price movements attract investors attention as an demanding financial instrument. Since the beginning of pandemics, inflation is one of the major macroeconomic issue in the globe that push the investors to seek for new investment opportunities. Perhaps the positive perception regarding the cryptocurrency investment is its protection from inflation. In addition cost-effective mode of transaction and easy transfer of funds make these instruments unique. On the other hand, it can also lead to unsolicited consequences such as money laundering, illegal purchases, and the elimination of corruption. In this context, regulations are being formed to bring crypto assets, which attract the attention of experts, into compliance with the tax and trade-related laws of countries in the financial system. In this study, it is aimed to convey the importance of regulation and regulations on the world. Methodology- Since the first launch of Bitcoin as a cryptocurrency in 2009; the recent discussion came forward on how to regulate this market. Understanding cryptocurrency takes time and effort while they are extremely volatile investment. The crypto money applications of the countries and their taxation and approaches towards these applications have been evaluated by examining the official reports of the countries. Findings- Countries' perspectives on crypto money, the concept and definitions of crypto money vary. Some accept the cryptocurrencies as legal investment tools and draw a legal framework, while some announce that they eliminate these investments. Perhaps developing a framework can help to regulate both actors and also the transactions in the crypto ecosystem. National authorities plan to take a position how technology can be used to create cryptoassets. Conclusion- Regulations are important for making the financial system safe, protecting individual investors and ensuring an orderly environment in enterprises. Countries need to accept the crypto currency system and keep up with the innovations of crypto money by changing the current standards if necessary.Yayın Gender difference in financial behavior: a comparative analysis(PressAcademia, 2024-01-15) Teker, Dilek; Dönmez, SenaPurpose- Definition of financial inclusion; FI enables adults to access and efficaciously use a range of proper financial services. It plays a crucial role in raising economic growth in point of industry, firm and national level. Accessing to the products and services are achievable with financial inclusion. In the world, financial access is not reachable due to socio-economical reasons. Financial inclusion should involve the obstacles facing, reaching out access. This has an effect on decision makings and financial behaviors. However, gender disagregated statistics are not common in literature. All economies may reach economic growth, recognizing gender differences, and enhancing awareness among households. Aim of this study is to figure out the investing / borrowing behaviors of households. This study seeks “is there a gender difference in the level of financial behavior for Turkiye?”. Methodology- We employ a questionnaire to figure out if there exists a gender difference about various metrics in financial behavior. In the research method of this study, comparative analysis was made to reach out gender differences of respondents regarding financial behavior using excell with the help of coding. Google questionnaire prepared by authors was pre-tested and then authors maintaing to send the questionnaire via social media. 102 respondents were reached out. Firstly, it was made demographic analysis of respondents, a nd then it was analysed the financial behavior of respondents. Findings- Findings prove the fact that there is gender difference in behavior of making payments, savings, daily life, auto and home needs, making decisions, QR Code usage, awareness of Fintech products and number of credit cards. Majority of respondents feel confident about private pension system.. However, there is slightly difference in number of private pension contracts. In general, all respondents own a bank account. Money transfer, using a bank application behavior, does not differ among individuals. Conclusion- Based upon the analysis, it may be concluded that financial behavior affects individuals’ choices and this generates differences in terms of usage, needs, decisions and awareness. Socio-economical factor plays a crucial role regarding generating awareness in financial behavior.Yayın Export potential of Turkish SMEs(Suat Teker, 2024-07-30) Teker, Suat; Teker, Dilek; Orman, IrmakPurpose- Digital channels are gaining more and more share from trade and commerce, especially after Covid 19 pandemic. People have adopted to online buying and marketplaces became important retailing tools for manufacturers. E-commerce is rising not only in closed commercial areas but also across different countries, even continents with developments in cross-border e-commerce. Governments, global digital platforms, consumer habits are creating and supporting the demand of buying online from anywhere and numbers are showing that this creates an opportunity for Turkish businesses to become exporters. This study aims to highlight the potential for small and medium sized businesses in Turkey to become exporters. Methodology- The study examines historical export growth data of Turkey in detail using secondary data. The historical data is used to make a projection for future and highlight the potential of growth for Turkish SMEs. Current marketplace platforms’ business models are also examined and carefully analyzed to present an understanding of the potential business models. Findings- The numbers are showing that Turkish exports are growing in Europe and USA. Capex heavy industries have the highest share among the exports but e-commerce is also growing. Some industries like textile, jewellry and small appliences has a higher growth potential withing cross border e-commerce. Conclusion- Adoption to online retail is getting higher and higher. More people are buying from online marketplaces and the origin of the transaction is losing its importance with one-day deliveries. It is important to open shops not only physical but also on different platforms. It is easier for business owners to sell across the world and become exporters. By having international customers, businesses distribute regional risks and also become financially stronger. It is important for Turkish SMEs to understand their risks and seek international growth opportunities, such as doing exports. Turkey’s unique geographical location is a very important asset but Turkish businesses should keep in mind that all international producers are now seeking opportunities to create through online platforms.Yayın Evolution of digital payment systems and a breakthrough(Ms. M. B. Mondal, Ph.D., 2022-09-26) Teker, Suat; Teker, Dilek; Orman, IrmakThis analytical study examines the evolution of digital payment systems and the use by financial institutions and fintech companies in line with the changing user needs, along with the evolutionary developments in information technologies. It also makes a comparative analysis of digital payment platforms that are popularly used all over the world, e.g. PayPal, GooglePay, Wise. The introduction of the first ATM in 1967, the first contactless credit card payment in 1999, the introduction of blockchain in 2009, the emergence of GoogleWallet in 2011 and the introduction of Visa Click-topay in 2020 may be defined as the milestones of digital payment systems. Digital payment systems can be broadly classified as smart cards, online payments, mobile applications, blockchain transfers and biometric authentication. All payment systems in the world are generally shaped according to user needs. The exponential growth of e-commerce and the increasing influence of market regulators also contribute to shaping the future of payment systems. A decentralized monetary management is envisioned by the transition to a cashless economy, the emergence of new online financial institutions, and the adoption of blockchain and cryptocurrencies. It is concluded that the evolution of digital payment systems will expand convenience, refund, convergence, cross-border and time limitless transaction. With the increasing adoption of digital payment systems by all spenders, there is a clear transition towards a cashless economy. The current arguments in academic and professional platforms about the future of digital systems predict that by the 2050s, physical money will be completely out of circulation and these currencies will be replaced by virtual currencies that can easily be transferred over number of digital platforms.Yayın Sustainability of agriculture: agritech practices(International Strategic Management and Managers Association, 2023-12) Teker, Suat; Teker, Dilek; Orman, IrmakAgriculture is a fundamental sector for a global economic and social development. It provides food, fiber, and raw materials for industries and contributes to the livelihoods of millions of people worldwide. However, agricultural production faces several constraints such as climate change, limited resources, and population growth, among others. These challenges require sustainable solutions to ensure food security, maintain ecological balance, and improve livelihoods. Agricultural technologies provide innovative approaches to overcome these challenges, enhancing productivity, efficiency, and profitability. This paper provides a discussion that agricultural technologies could be a viable and sustainable solution for agricultural production constraints.Yayın Deterrents affecting consumers’ organic product purchase(International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2020-10) Yarman Ak, Anda; Teker, DilekOrganic agriculture is becoming an important factor of the economy as years go by and as the awareness on the subject increases among consumers. Although the sector is very promising, the demand is still very low. The value added to be obtained by organic agriculture can be a strong factor of the economy, especially on local basis. Therefore consumers’ purchase behaviors must be examined thoroughly to figure out how the demand can be increased. This study is, hence, focused on the deterrents that prevent consumers to purchase organic foods. An online survey is employed to a sample size of 556 respondents out of 543 were selected based on answering all questionnaire. Two different question set is employed to buyers and nonbuyers to depict the reasons of buying and not buying organic food. This study demonstrates the deterrents for non buyers. The replies given to the hypothesis specific questions are tested by chi-square test. Regarding the outputs, the main deterrents for buying organic food is the lack of packaging and trust in the authenticity of the seller. However, cosmetic concerns are not examined as one of the deterrent for a buy decision. For elimination of these deterrents can convince the consumers to purchase organic foods, which in consequence increase the demand and cause value added for local economy.
