2 sonuçlar
Arama Sonuçları
Listeleniyor 1 - 2 / 2
Yayın Retinal disease diagnosis in OCT scans using a foundational model(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Nazlı, Muhammet Serdar; Turkan, Yasemin; Tek, Faik Boray; Toslak, Devrim; Bulut, Mehmet; Arpacı, Fatih; Öcal, Mevlüt CelalThis study examines the feasibility and performance of using single OCT slices from the OCTA-500 dataset to classify DR (Diabetic Retinopathy) and AMD (Age-Related Macular Degeneration) with a pre-trained transformer-based model (RETFound). The experiments revealed the effective adaptation capability of the pretrained model to the retinal disease classification problem. We further explored the impact of using different slices from the OCT volume, assessing the sensitivity of the results to the choice of a single slice (e.g., “middle slice”) and whether analyzing both horizontal and vertical cross-sectional slices could improve outcomes. However, deep neural networks are complex systems that do not indicate directly whether they have learned and generalized the disease appearance as human experts do. The original dataset lacked disease localization annotations. Therefore, we collected new disease classification and localization annotations from independent experts for a subset of OCTA-500 images. We compared RETFound’s explainability-based localization outputs with these newly collected annotations and found that the region attributions aligned well with the expert annotations. Additionally, we assessed the agreement and variability between experts and RETFound in classifying disease conditions. The Kappa values, ranging from 0.35 to 0.69, indicated moderate agreement among experts and between the experts and the model. The transformer-based RETFound model using single or multiple OCT slices, is an efficient approach to diagnosing AMD and DR.Yayın Deep learning-based analysis of retinal OCT scans for detection of Alzheimer’s disease(Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2026-01-23) Turkan, Yasemin; Tek, Faik Boray; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Doktora Programı; Işık University, School of Graduate Studies, Ph.D. in Computer EngineeringAlterations in retinal layer thickness have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These structural changes can be measured using a noninvasive imaging technology called Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Previous research has mostly focused on the statistical associations between segmented retinal layer thickness and AD derived from OCT or OCTA devices. Unlike conventional medical image classification tasks, early detection is more challenging than diagnosis because imaging precedes clinical diagnosis by several years. Deep learning (DL), particularly through convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transfer learning, has demonstrated strong performance in image-based disease detection tasks. However, the application of DL directly on unsegmented raw OCT B-scan images for early AD detection remains underexplored. Therefore, in this thesis, we address this research gap by proposing a deep learning-based approach that uses raw OCT images for early Alzheimer’s disease detection. All related studies in the literature have heavily relied on private and in-situ cohorts that lack interoperability. In contrast, the UK Biobank (2022) offers a unique resource for investigating the associations between retinal structure and systemic health, comprising over 85,000 OCT scans linked to cognitive and health-related data. Between the initial scan period (2010–2015) and July 2023, 539 participants in the dataset were diagnosed with AD. Although the UK Biobank is somewhat limited by the absence of OCTA scans, we utilized this dataset to detect early AD using OCT scans. After a rigorous data-exclusion process, this study used a targeted 4-year window, selecting participants diagnosed with AD within 4 years of their baseline assessments. The AD group was matched by age, sex, eye, and instance with a randomly selected balanced Healthy Control group (N = 30). We first evaluated the predictive value of isolated 2D B-scans using pretrained deep learning architectures. In these tests, the ResNet-34 model achieved a mean AUC of 0.624 ± 0.060. Saliency map analysis of these B-scans highlighted the critical importance of the central macular region, whereas peripheral areas showed negligible contribution to the model’s decision. To overcome the limitations of isolated B-scans and leverage 3D information, we generated a 3D-informed en-face thickness projection map from the OCT B-scans. This pipeline was optimized to focus on the diagnostically relevant 3 mm inner macular region, effectively filtering out peripheral noise. Our study of thickness maps identified the Ganglion Cell Layer (GCL) as the most significant indicator of preclinical AD. The VGG-19 model, trained on GCL thickness maps with a year-weighted loss function, achieved a peak mean AUC of 0.750 ± 0.037. Notably, the traditional clinical benchmark, the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL), exhibited negligible predictive value in this pre-symptomatic cohort. We also developed a Multi-Modal Soft-Voting Ensemble model to further increase predictive accuracy and emulate clinical decision-making. This model integrates structural insights from B-scans and GCIPL thickness maps with clinical and demographic data. The ensemble approach achieved the highest mean AUC of 0.85 and significantly outperformed individual modalities. Furthermore, an ablation study using only image modalities (B-scans and thickness maps) yielded an AUC of 0.84. This result highlights the strong complementary value of combined structural data. Longitudinal sensitivity analysis also established a “diagnostic horizon” for retinal biomarkers. We observed that predictive accuracy is highest between 4 and 8 years prior to clinical diagnosis. However, these signals progressively converge toward baseline by the 12-year mark. When benchmarked against the current literature, our framework outperformed existing baselines for the diagnosis of symptomatic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). This demonstrates its robustness in the more challenging task of preclinical prediction. Consequently, it establishes a viable pathway for integrating retinal imaging into the early diagnostic pipeline for Alzheimer’s disease.
