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Yayın Landscape ecological evaluation of cultural patterns for the Istanbul urban landscape(MDPI, 2022-12) Aksu, Gül Aslı; Tağıl, Şermin; Musaoğlu, Nebiye; Seyek Canatanoğlu, Emel; Uzun, AdnanWith the widespread population growth in cities, anthropogenic influences inevitably lead to natural disturbances. The metropolitan area of Istanbul, with its rapid urbanization rate, has faced intense pressure regarding the sustainability of urban habitats. In this context, landscapes comprising patches affected by various disturbances and undergoing temporal changes must be analyzed, in order to assess city-related disturbances. In this study, the main objective was to understand how urbanization changed the function of the spatial distribution of the urban mosaic and, more specifically, its relationship with the size, shape, and connection among land-use classes. For this purpose, we took Besiktas, a district of Istanbul, as the study area. We evaluated the landscape pattern of the urban environment in two stages. First, we used medium-resolution satellite imagery to reveal the general interactions in the urbanization process. Landscape- and class-level landscape metrics were selected to quantify the landscape connectivity, and the distances between classes (green areas and artificial surfaces), patterns, and processes, using five satellite images representing a time span of 51 years (1963, 1984, 1997, 2005, and 2014). The general landscape structure was examined by looking at the temporal–spatial processes of artificial surface and green areas obtained from these medium-resolution satellite images. The trends in selected landscape-level metrics were specified and discussed through the use of a moving window analysis. We then used Pleiades high-resolution satellite imagery (2015) to analyze the landscape structure in more detail. This high-resolution base image allows us to recognize the possibility of classifying basic cultural landscape classes. The findings regarding the spatial arrangement of each class in the areas allocated to 14 cultural landscape classes were interpreted by associating them with the landscape functions. Finally, particulate matter (PM10) concentration data were collected and evaluated as an ecological indicator, in order to reveal the relationships between landscape structure and landscape function. In short, we first evaluated the whole landscape structure using medium-resolution data, followed by the classification of cultural landscapes using high-resolution satellite imagery, providing a time-effective—and, therefore, essential—auxiliary method for landscape evaluation. This two-stage evaluation method enables inferences to be made that can shed light on the landscape functions in an urban environment based on the landscape structure.Yayın An auxiliary tool for landscape evaluation: Ecological risk analysis based on analytic hierarchy process(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Aksu, Gül Aslı; Musaoğlu, Nebiye; Uzun, AdnanEcological Risk Analysis may be used as an auxiliary method in making landscape planning and management decisions. However, both choosing the subject criteria of the analysis, and assigning values to such criteria are all left to the discretion of the decision-maker. Ecological Risk Analysis is therefore ranked as a qualitative mode of assessment. What was intended herein was to rule the Ecological Risk Analysis, which may significantly contribute to the assessment of a landscape, out of being a qualitative mode, and to turn it into a semi quantitative means of assessment. In order to turn the Ecological Risk Analysis into a semi-quantitative mode of assessment, Analytic Hierarchy Process was resorted. Main criteria (vegetation, soil, water, and bioclimatic comfort) to determine the "Ecological Value", and the sub-criteria to set forth these criteria were decided upon. These criteria were then overlaid by means of matrices within the scope of the Analytical Hierarchy Method, weight ratios thereof were determined, and the consistency ratios thereof were calculated. Risk maps of the main criteria further superimposed according to the weight ratios, which had been calculated to be consistent, the Ecological Risk Map was thereby attained. Areas with high ecological risk value are located at the west and northeast part of the research area. Regions were discussed in the frame of landscape planning and sustainability depending on risk levels.Yayın Investigation of thermal benefits of an extensive green roof in Istanbul climate(Academic Journals, 2013-04-18) Ekşi, Mert; Uzun, AdnanGreen roofs have become an ecological solution in cities with the environmental problems that have increased in recent years. Green roofs are used as aesthetic elements as well as their ecological benefits for the city and urban environment. Comparative measurements were performed through field study in Landscape Architecture Department, Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University, Green Roof Research Station (IUGRRS), to produce quantitative data on this subject and investigate the thermal properties of a typical extensive green roof. This paper analyses the thermal properties of a typical extensive green roof in comparison with a bituminous membrane roof (reference roof). During measurement period, it has been confirmed that a typical extensive green roof with 50 mm-thick growing media provided a thermal protection to the building envelope against extreme temperature effects. Impacts of extreme temperature fluctuations on the surface of the green roof to the building envelope were reduced by the green roof system by 79%. Results obtained from the field measurements show that green roofs are a sustainable choice in Istanbul climate conditions.
