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Yayın The function of regressions in reading: Backward eye movements allow rereading(Springer, 2013-01) Booth, Robert William; Weger, Ulrich W.Standard text reading involves frequent eye movements that go against normal reading order. The function of these "regressions" is still largely unknown. The most obvious explanation is that regressions allow for the rereading of previously fixated words. Alternatively, physically returning the eyes to a word's location could cue the reader's memory for that word, effectively aiding the comprehension process via location priming (the "deictic pointer hypothesis"). In Experiment 1, regression frequency was reduced when readers knew that information was no longer available for rereading. In Experiment 2, readers listened to auditorily presented text while moving their eyes across visual placeholders on the screen. Here, rereading was impossible, but deictic pointers remained available, yet the readers did not make targeted regressions in this experiment. In Experiment 3, target words in normal sentences were changed after reading. Where the eyes later regressed to these words, participants generally remained unaware of the change, and their answers to comprehension questions indicated that the new meaning of the changed word was what determined their sentence representations. These results suggest that readers use regressions to reread words and not to cue their memory for previously read words.Yayın Reciprocal relations between the trajectories of mothers’ harsh discipline, responsiveness and aggression in early childhood(Springer New York LLC, 2018-01-01) Akçinar Yayla, Berna; Baydar, NazlıTheoretical advances in the study of the development of aggressive behaviors indicate that parenting behaviors and child aggression mutually influence one another. This study contributes to the body of empirical research in this area by examining the development of child aggression, maternal responsiveness, and maternal harsh discipline, using 5-year longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of Turkish children (n = 1009; 469 girls and 582 boys). Results indicated that: (i) maternal responsiveness and harsh discipline at age 3 were associated with the subsequent linear trajectory of aggression; (ii) reciprocally, aggressive behaviors at age 3 were associated with the subsequent linear trajectories of these two types of parenting behaviors; (iii) deviations from the linear trajectories of the child and mother behaviors tended to be short lived; and, (iv) the deviations of child behaviors from the linear trajectories were associated with the subsequent changes in mother behaviors after age 5. These findings are discussed in the cultural context of this study.Yayın Small molecule diffusion into swelling Iota-Carrageenan gels: A fluorescence study(Taylor & Francis Group, 2007-04) Ataman, Evren; Pekcan, Mehmet ÖnderSmall molecule diffusion into Iota-Carrageenan gel was studied by using steady-state fluorescence (SSF) technique. Pyranine, dissolved in water was used as fluorescence probe. Fluorescence emission intensity, I-p, and scattered light intensity, I-sc, were monitored to study diffusion and swelling processes at various temperatures respectively. Fickian and Li-Tanaka models were elaborated to produce diffusion, D, and collective diffusion, D-0, coefficients. Diffusion and swelling activation energies were also obtained and found to be 20.5 kj mol(-1) and 28.2 kj mol(-1). respectively.Yayın Evolutionary route to diploidy and sex(National Academy of Sciences, 2001-11-20) Tüzel, Erkan; Sevim, Volkan; Erzan, AyşeBy using a bit-string model of evolution, we find a successful route to diploidy and sex in simple organisms. Allowing the sexually reproducing diploid individuals to also perform mitosis, as they do in a haploid-diploid cycle, leads to the complete takeover of the population by sexual diploids. This mechanism is so robust that even the accidental conversion and pairing of only two diploids give rise to a sexual population.Yayın Optimization of wastewater treatment systems for growing industrial parks(Elsevier B.V., 2023-12-20) Savun Hekimoğlu, Başak; İşler, Zülal; Hekimoğlu, Mustafa; Burak, Selmin; Karlı, Deniz; Yücekaya, Ahmet; Akpınar, Ersin; Ediger, Volkan Ş.Wastewater treatment is one of the crucial functions of industrial parks as wastewater from industrial facilities usually contains toxic compounds that can cause damage to the environment. To control their environmental loads, industrial parks make investment decisions for wastewater treatment plants. For this, they need to consider technical and economic factors as well as future growth projections as substantial construction and operational costs of wastewater treatment plants have to be shared by all companies in an industrial park. In this paper, we consider the long-term capacity planning problem for wastewater treatment facilities of a stochastically growing industrial park. By explicitly modeling randomness in the arrival of new tenants and their random wastewater discharges, our model calculates the future mean and variance of wastewater flow in the industrial park. Mean and variance are used in a Mixed Integer Programming Model to optimize wastewater treatment plant selection over a long planning horizon (30 years). By fitting our first model to empirical data from an industrial park in Turkey, we find that considering the variance of wastewater load is critical for long-term planning. Also, we quantify the economic significance of lowering wastewater discharges which can be achieved by water recycling or interplant water exchange.Yayın Compressive spectral method for the simulation of the nonlinear gravity waves(Nature Publishing Group, 2016-02-25) Bayındır, CihanIn this paper an approach for decreasing the computational effort required for the spectral simulations of the fully nonlinear ocean waves is introduced. The proposed approach utilizes the compressive sampling algorithm and depends on the idea of using a smaller number of spectral components compared to the classical spectral method. After performing the time integration with a smaller number of spectral components and using the compressive sampling technique, it is shown that the ocean wave field can be reconstructed with a significantly better efficiency compared to the classical spectral method. For the sparse ocean wave model in the frequency domain the fully nonlinear ocean waves with Jonswap spectrum is considered. By implementation of a high-order spectral method it is shown that the proposed methodology can simulate the linear and the fully nonlinear ocean waves with negligible difference in the accuracy and with a great efficiency by reducing the computation time significantly especially for large time evolutions.Yayın Strategies for the evolution of sex(American Physical Soc, One Physics Ellipse, 2001-12) Tüzel, Erkan; Sevim, Volkan; Erzan, AyşeWe find that the hypothesis made by Jan, Stauffer, and Moseley [Theory Biosci. 119, 166 (2000)] for the evolution of sex, namely, a strategy devised to escape extinction due to too many deleterious mutations, is sufficient but not necessary for the successful evolution of a steady state population of sexual individuals within a finite population. Simply allowing for a finite probability for conversion to sex in each generation also gives rise to a stable sexual population, in the presence of an upper limit on the number of deleterious mutations per individual. For large values of this probability, we find a phase transition to an intermittent, multistable regime. On the other hand, in the limit of extremely slow drive. another transition takes place to a different steady state distribution. with fewer deleterious mutations within the population.Yayın Therapist's assessment of their patient's session-level emotional processes: validation of the in-session patient affective reactions questionnaire–clinician form(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025-08-06) Stefana, Alberto; Ünver, Buket; Vieta, Eduard; Fusar-Poli, Paolo; Youngstrom, Eric ArdenBackground: The current study aimed to evaluate a therapist version of the in‐Session Patient Affective Reactions Questionnaire(SPARQ). The SPARQ was developed to assess a pattern of emotions, thoughts, and behaviors experienced by a patient towardtheir therapist during a session. The SPARQ has existed only as a patient self‐report measure and has demonstrated promise as apsychotherapy process measure. This study intended to validate a complementary clinician‐report version of the questionnaire:the SPARQ‐C.Methods: A sample of licensed mental health clinicians (N = 151) completed the SPARQ‐C along with other measures. Dataanalysis involved exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Reliability and convergent and criterion‐related validityof the SPARQ‐C were also evaluated.Results: The SPARQ‐C preserved the two‐factor structure: positive affect (k = 4, ω total = 0.84) and negative affect (k = 4, ωtotal = 0.70), which correlated r = 0.26. CFA using the a priori model two‐factor model based on the patient‐report versionprovided the following fit indices: χ2[19] = 26.01, CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.05 (90% CI [0.00, 0.09]), and SRMR = 0.05.The SPARQ‐C scales demonstrated convergent and criterion‐related validity with measures of other elements of the therapeuticrelationship, session outcome, and demographic‐clinical variables.Discussion: The SPARQ‐C is a reliable measure suitable for both clinical and research purposes. It allows for a nuancedassessment of patients' session‐level affective responses towards their therapist from the clinician's perspective.
