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Yayın Attentional bias and training in social anxiety disorder(Turkish Neuropsychiatric Society, 2015-03) Fıstıkçı, Nurhan; Saatçioğlu, İbrahim Ömer; Keyvan, Ali; Topçuoǧlu, VolkanCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is one of the most effective treatment modalities for social anxiety disorder (SAD), showing a high level of clinical evidence supporting its effectiveness. On the other hand, lack of the desired benefit from this treatment in some patients causes continuation of the search for new techniques. Recent research studies have focused on attentional bias and attention training in SAD. Attention processes in SAD have been a major target of interest and investigation since the introduction of the first cognitive models explaining SAD. In the first model, it was highlighted that attention was self-focused. The relationship between threatening stimuli and attention was considered in the subsequent models. Attentional bias towards threat may take place in several ways, such as facilitated processing of threat, difficulty in disengaging attention from the threat and avoidance of attention from the threat. After these descriptions regarding the phenomenology of the disorder, treatments to modify attention, processes were developed. In spite of conflicting results, investigations on attentional training are promising. Attention processes, attentional bias and attentional training in SAD are discussed in this review.Yayın Shrinkage of olfactory amygdala connotes cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease(Springer, 2023-10) Ay, Ulaş; Yıldırım, Zerrin; Erdoğdu, Emel; Kıçik, Ani; Öztürk Işık, Esin; Demiralp, Tamer; Gürvit, HakanDuring the caudo-rostral progression of Lewy pathology, the amygdala is involved relatively early in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, lesser is known about the volumetric differences at the amygdala subdivisions, although the evidence mainly implicates the olfactory amygdala. We aimed to investigate the volumetric differences between the amygdala’s nuclear and sectoral subdivisions in the PD cognitive impairment continuum compared to healthy controls (HC). The volumes of nine nuclei of the amygdala were estimated with FreeSurfer (nuclear parcellation-NP) from T1-weighted images of PD patients with normal cognition (PD-CN), PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), PD with dementia (PD-D), and HC. The appropriate nuclei were then merged to obtain three sectors of the amygdala (sectoral parcellation-SP). The nuclear and sectoral volumes were compared among the four groups and between the hyposmic and normosmic PD patients. There was a significant difference in the total amygdala volume among the four groups. In terms of nuclei, the bilateral cortico-amygdaloid transition area (CAT) and sectors superficial cortex-like region (sCLR) volumes of PD-MCI and PD-D were less than those of the PD-CN and HC. A linear discriminant analysis revealed that left CAT and left sCLR volumes classified the PD-CN and cognitively impaired PD (PD-CI: PD-MCI plus PD-D) with 90.7% accuracy according to NP and 85.2% accuracy to SP. Similarly, left CAT and sCLR volumes correctly identified the hyposmic and normosmic PD with 64.8% and 61.1% accuracies. Notably, the left olfactory amygdala volume successfully discriminated cognitive impairment in PD and could be used as neuroimaging-based support for PD-CI diagnosis.Yayın Left/right and front/back in sign, speech, and co-speech gestures: what do data from Turkish sign language, croatian sign language, American sign language, Turkish, Croatian, and English reveal?(Versita, 2011-09) Arık, EnginResearch has shown that spoken languages differ from each other in their representation of space. Using hands, body, and physical space in front of signers to represent space, do sign languages differ from each other? To what extent are they similar to spoken languages in their expressions of spatial relations? The present study targeted these questions by exploring the descriptions of static situations in sign languages (Turkish Sign Language, Croatian Sign Language, American Sign Language) and spoken languages, including co-speech gestures (Turkish, Croatian, and English). It is found that signed and spoken languages differ from each other in their linguistic constructions for the left/right and front/back spatial relation. They also differ from one another in their mapping strategies. Crucially, being a signer does not require more direct iconic mappings than a speaker would use. It is also found that co-speech gestures can complement spoken language descriptions.Yayın Associations between cerebral perfusion pressure, hemodynamic parameters, and cognitive test values in normal-tension glaucoma patients, Alzheimer’s disease patients, and healthy controls(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-05-24) Stoskuviene, Akvile; Chaleckas, Edvinas; Grusauskiene, Evelina; Bartusis, Laimonas; Çelikkaya, Güven; Januleviciene, Ingrida; Vaitkus, Antanas; Ragauskas, Arminas; Hamarat, YasinBackground/Objectives: Glaucoma and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are neurodegenerative conditions with vascular underpinnings. This study aimed to explore the relationship between blood pressure parameters such as mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and cognitive performance in patients with AD, normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), and healthy controls. We hypothesized that NTG patients, like those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), may experience subtle cognitive changes related to vascular dysregulation. Methods: Ninety-eight participants (35 NTG, 17 AD, 46 controls) were assessed for CPP, MAP, OPP, and cognitive performance. Statistical analyses compared groups and examined correlations. Results: AD patients showed lower CPP and MAP (p < 0.001), indicating systemic vascular dysfunction, while NTG patients had higher ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) (p = 0.008), suggesting compensatory mechanisms. CPP correlated with visuospatial abilities in AD (r = 0.492, p = 0.045). MAP correlated with the Clock drawing test (CDT) scores in the NTG group (r = 0.378, p = 0.025). PP negatively correlated with cognition in AD (r = −0.527, p = 0.016 for CDT scores) and controls (r = −0.440, p = 0.002 for verbal fluency and r = −0.348, p = 0.019 for total ACE scores). Conclusions: The study highlights distinct hemodynamic profiles: systemic dysfunction in AD and localized dysregulation in NTG. These findings emphasize the role of vascular dysregulation in neurodegeneration, with implications for personalized treatment approaches targeting vascular health in neurodegenerative conditions.Yayın The comparison of functional connectivity in Parkinson’s Disease patients with and without Parkin gene mutations(Turkish Neuropsychiatric Society, 2025-06-19) Çebi, Merve; Ay, Ulaş; Kıçik, Ani; Erdoğdu, Emel; Tepgeç, Fatih; Uyguner, Zehra Oya; Tüfekçioğlu, Zeynep; Samancı, Bedia; Bilgiç, Başar; Emre, Murat; Demiralp, Tamer; Hanağası, Haşmet AyhanIntroduction: Mapping the functional connectivity of brain regions became appealing in recent research in neurology. Accordingly, a growing body of evidence shows resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) changes in neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s Disease (PD). As characterised by extensive and progressive dopaminergic loss in the substantia nigra, PD emerges with serious motor and non-motor dysfunctions. In the literature, the minority of PD cases have been associated with certain genetic mutations. The aim of this study was to investigate the rsFC in a group of PD patients having Parkin gene mutation. Method: Twelve PD patients with Parkin mutation (PP-PD), 12 PD patients without Parkin mutation (PN-PD) and 12 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. All participants underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging as well as a neuropsychological assessment and clinical examination. Results: Results indicated that PP-PD had longer disease duration, a higher rate of dyskinesia and lower scores on complex visual perception tests. The resting state networks showed that all PD (consisting of PP-PD and PN-PD) and PP-PD groups had increased functional connectivity in the frontoparietal network as compared to the HC. In addition, the PP-PD group displayed decreased functional connectivity in the dorsal attention network compared to the PN-PD. Conclusion: In conclusion, our data suggests that PD with Parkin gene mutation might be emerging with distinct resting state functional connectivity changes in the brain.
