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Erişim Hakkı: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess × Konu: Content analysis ×

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  • Küçük Resim
    Yayın
    Anti-tobacco control industry strategies in Turkey
    (BioMed Central Ltd, 2018-02-26) Keklik, Seda; Gültekin Karakas, Derya
    Background: Transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) penetrated the Turkish cigarette market due to trade and investment liberalization in the post-1980 period and eventually secured full control. Despite tobacco control policies put in place in reaction to accelerating consumption, TTCs reinforced their market power through a variety of strategies. This paper explores industry strategies that counteract tobacco control policies in Turkey. Methods: The study employs both qualitative and quantitative analyses to explore industry strategies in Turkey. Besides the content analyses of industry and market reports, descriptive analyses were conducted for the sub-periods of 1999-2015. The analyses focus on the market strategies of product innovation, advertisement-promotion, cost management and pricing. Results: Rising sales of low tar, ultra-low tar, slim, super-slim and flavoured cigarettes indicate that product innovation served to sustain consumption. Besides, the tobacco industry, using its strong distribution channels, the Internet, and CSR projects, were found to have promoted smoking indirectly. The industry also rationalized manufacturing facilities and reduced the cost of tobacco, making Turkey a cigarette-manufacturing base. Tobacco manufacturers, moreover, offered cigarettes in different price segments and adjusted net prices both up and down according to price categories and market conditions. In response to the successful effect of shifts in price margins, the market share of mid-priced cigarettes expanded while those within the economy category maintained the highest market share. As a result of pricing strategies, net sales revenues increased. Aside from official cigarette sales, the upward trends in the registered and unregistered sales of cigarette substitutes indicate that the demand-side tobacco control efforts remain inadequate. Conclusions: The Turkish case reveals that the resilience of the tobacco industry vis-a-vis mainstream tobacco control efforts necessitates a new policy perspective. Rising market concentration by TTCs and the global nature of industry strategies require that the highly profitable manufacturing and trade of tobacco products should be discouraged on a basis of international collaboration. To reduce and eventually eradicate tobacco consumption, supply-side tobacco control measures are needed along with demand-side policies.
  • Küçük Resim
    Yayın
    Türk basınında Suriyeli sığınmacı temsili üzerine bir içerik analizi
    (Marmara Univ, 2015) Pandır, Müzeyyen; Efe, İbrahim; Paksoy, Alaaddin Faruk
    Bu çalışmada Türk basınında Suriyeli sığınmacı temsilleri incelenmektedir. Örneklem için, en yüksek tiraja sahip ilk beş gazetede (“Hürriyet”, “Sabah”, “Posta”, “Sözcü”, “Zaman”) 2014 yılında yayımlanan ilgili tüm haberler, köşe yazıları ve görseller seçilmiştir. Mevcut çalışma, Suriyeli sığınmacıların Türk basınında 2011-2015 yılları arasındaki temsillerini inceleyen (TÜBİTAK destekli) daha geniş çaplı bir araştırma projesinin bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Mevcut literatürde sıkça ihmal edilen ya da ayrı bir inceleme alanı olarak ele alınan haber görselleri, bu çalışmada haber metinleri ve köşe yazılarıyla beraber incelenmektedir. Araştırma sonuçlarında görülmüştür ki, Türk gazetelerinde Suriyeli sığınmacılarla ilgili haber ve görsellerin içerikleri çoğunlukla olumlu ya da yansız özelliklere sahiptir. Temsil özelliklerine odaklandığımızda ise temsillerde bir ikilem olduğu görülmektedir. Temsiller Suriyeli sığınmacıyı zorlu koşullar içinde “yoksul” ve “yardıma muhtaç” olarak gösterirken, aynı sıklıkta toplum güvenliği için bir “tehdit” olarak da göstermektedir. Sıkça tekrarlanan bu temsiller ve ikilem göstermektedir ki Türk basınının Suriyeli sığınmacı temsili, uluslararası çalışmalarda tanımlanan stereotipik sığınmacı temsillerini yeniden üretmektedir.
  • Küçük Resim
    Yayın
    Covering Syrian asylum seekers in the Turkish press
    (İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2016) Efe, İbrahim; Paksoy, Alaaddin F.; Pandır, Müzeyyen
    The war in Syria has not lost its intenseness since 2011. The situation is afecting the region and world politics. Inevitably, Syrian asylum seekers became a crucial topic of Turkish media and political agendas in recent years. At the moment, Turkey is one of top countries in terms of the number of hosted asylum seekers. The issue is shaping Turkish domestic politics and it is afecting Turkey’s relationship with the world, and especially with the EU. There are some recent publications about the Syrian asylum seekers (e.g. Efe, 2015; Erdoğan, 2015). This study seeks to add new indings to the literature by looking at a diferent text sample. The study is based on a sample of 5 newspapers (Hürriyet, Sabah, Posta, Sözcü, Zaman) and looking at news reports and columns published in the year of 2014. The papers were chosen according to their political stance and their circulation igures. PRNET digital archive was employed to reach the data. The news items were collected by entering the keywords “Syrian refugees” and “Syrian asylum seekers”.