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Yayın Social exclusion of women refugees in public imagination: underrepresentation and depersonalisation(Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi, 2022-12-31) Pandır, MüzeyyenThis paper studies the news images of Syrian women refugees and the representational practices employed in them to question how these portraying practices position women refugees, and how they actually act as ways of socially excluding them in the host community. Analysed are the newspaper photographs of Syrian women refugees published in top-selling four Turkish newspapers in 2015. Using a content analysis fed by visual analysis, the ways of visually portraying women refugees is studied by investigating the representational elements and practices in the images, which are subject, theme, camera distance, camera angle and location. The findings reveal that Syrian women refugees are underrepresented and in the rare cases of their appearance, the way they are portrayed position them as distant, passive and depersonalised subjects as part of the masses. The underrepresentation and depersonalisation of women refugees, who are among the vulnerable women group 1) erase the individual life stories and varied lived experiences of women refugees from public imagination and deny the female refugee agency, 2) prevent the emergence of the public talk on the women refugee problems, which in turn 3) prevent the formation of a social understanding and empathy towards women refugees. Thus, it is argued that the ways in which Syrian women refugees are portrayed in the media act as barriers for their social inclusion.Yayın Mülteci temsillerinde kültürel farklılık inşası ve toplumsal kabule etkileri(Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, 2021-06-30) Pandır, MüzeyyenTürk toplumu ve Suriyeli mülteciler arasında toplumsal kabul ve uyum konusuna odaklanan kamuoyu çalışmaları, coğrafi yakınlıkları ve ortak dini hassasiyetlerine rağmen Türk toplumunun Suriyeliler’i kültürel olarak uzak ve farklı gördüklerini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma, Suriyeli mültecilerin ülke gündeminde oldukları dönemlere dönerek, o dönemin haber fotoğraflarında nasıl temsil edildiklerini, fotoğraflarda nasıl bir “Suriyeli mülteci” kimliği inşa edildiğini ve bu temsillerin Türkler ve Suriyeliler arasında kültürel farklılık ve uzaklık algısını nasıl beslemiş olabileceklerini sorgulamaktadır. Suriyeli nüfusun Türkiye’de en fazla artış gösterdiği 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında beş günlük gazetede yayınlanan Suriyeli mülteci fotoğrafları içerik analizi yöntemi ile incelenmiş, fotoğraflarda Suriyeliler’e dair hangi anlamların üretildiği belirlenmiş, biz-onlar ayrımının nasıl ve hangi temsil pratikleri ile inşa edildiği gözlemlenmiş ve bu temsillerin toplumsal kabule yönelik olası etkileri tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, gazete temsillerinde Suriyeli mültecilere karşı önyargılı bir temsil biçiminin açık bir şekilde kullanılmadığı, ancak bazı temsil pratikleri ile daha örtülü şekillerde Suriyeliler’in toplumdan (bizden) farklı, uzak ve yabancı bir grup olarak inşa edildiği savunulmaktadır. Bu temsil biçimi, üç buçuk milyonun üzerinde Suriyeli nüfusa sahip Türkiye’de, Suriyeliler’e yönelik toplumsal kabulün oluşumuna olumsuz etki edecek niteliktedir. Toplum içerisinde barışın hâkim olabilmesi için medya temsillerinde, Suriyeli mültecilerin “görünmez” kılınan ancak “bize” benzer “sıradan” ve olumlu özelliklerinin görünür kılınması önerilmektedir.Yayın Media portrayals of refugees and their effects on social conflict and social cohesion(T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi, 2020) Pandır, MüzeyyenMedia portrayals of refugees can produce prejudice toward refugees as well as understanding and acceptance. In that sense, the media have the potential to be part of the problem or part of the solution in issues of conflict and cohesion between host and refugee communities. In this critical time when the future of Syrian refugees in Turkey is being discussed, this article reviews previous research on the media’s representation of refugees, identifies the dominant representational practices and discusses their effects on the inclusion and exclusion of refugees, which may lead to social cohesion or social conflict, respectively. The main body of the article first identifies the negative effects of refugee representations, namely victimization, depoliticization, dehumanization, marginalization, homogenization and deindividualization, and explains in what ways these representations stigmatize refugees as “other” in society and produce prejudice and xenophobia toward them. The article then turns to the representation strategies used to reduce prejudice and motivate understanding in society. Here, empathizing with refugees and taking a rights-based journalism approach are identified among the media’s inclusion practices toward refugees. Overall, specifically focusing on Syrians in Turkey, the paper aims to initiate a discussion on how the media can play a role in assisting the acceptance of refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants in a new country by raising awareness about the media’s representational practices.Yayın Stereotyping, Victimization and depoliticization in the representations of Syrian refugees(Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2019-06-26) Pandır, MüzeyyenThis paper studiesthe representational constructions of the image of Syrian refugee in newspaper photographs and discusses the processes in which the Syrian refugee is victimized, stereotyped and depoliticized through representation. It analyses Syrian refugee photographs published between 2011 and 2015 in five Turkish newspapers. Working within visual sociological and constructivist perspectives, and synthesizing content and visual analyses, the study first dwells upon the universal “ideal victim” profile mentioned in victimology studies, then reveals that the image of Syrian refugee is predominantly constructed as “victim” in the analyzed newspaper photographs. The study elaborates that refugees’ victimhood is represented through different themes of suffering, which appear around the themes of poverty, displacement, the need, and loss and pain. Then the victimization of the refugee is problematized and discussed under two main arguments. The first argument discusses that the prevalence of the victim discourse in Syrian refugee photographs is achieved through the technique of stereotyping, which reproduces the universal image of the refugee as weak and vulnerable, regardless of time and context. The second argument discusses that victimization works as a device for depoliticization, which imagines the refugee only as weak and powerless rather than a subject with political agency who produces action and results. The paper concludes that victimization and depoliticization produce a disparity between the lived experiences of the refugee (who has survived a war) and the representations of the refugee (who is a powerless war victim).Yayın A novel similarity based unsupervised technique for training convolutional filters(IEEE, 2023-05-17) Erkoç, Tuğba; Eskil, Mustata TanerAchieving satisfactory results with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) depends on how effectively the filters are trained. Conventionally, an appropriate number of filters is carefully selected, the filters are initialized with a proper initialization method and trained with backpropagation over several epochs. This training scheme requires a large labeled dataset, which is costly and time-consuming to obtain. In this study, we propose an unsupervised approach that extracts convolutional filters from a given dataset in a self-organized manner by processing the training set only once without using backpropagation training. The proposed method allows for the extraction of filters from a given dataset in the absence of labels. In contrast to previous studies, we no longer need to select the best number of filters and a suitable filter weight initialization scheme. Applying this method to the MNIST, EMNIST-Digits, Kuzushiji-MNIST, and Fashion-MNIST datasets yields high test performances of 99.19%, 99.39%, 95.03%, and 90.11%, respectively, without applying backpropagation training or using any preprocessed and augmented data.Yayın Modern ve sonrası dönemde nesnelerin sanatta temsil ve ifade biçimlerinde popüler kültürün etkisi(Işık Üniversitesi, 2022-04-28) Tutkan, Ayfer; Önkal, Güncel; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Sanat Kuramı ve Eleştiri Yüksek Lisans ProgramıBu tez çalışması modern ve sonrası sanatların anlam ve temsiliyet paradigmalarının temelini oluşturan 20. yüzyılın sosyo-kültürel yapısı ve popüler kültür bağlamında sanat-nesne ilişkilerini ele almaktadır. Bu bağlamda modernist ve sonrasındaki süreçlerin, tüketim toplumunun ve pop-kültür hareketi ve kavramlarının toplumlar ve bireyler üzerinde yarattığı değişimler betimlenerek, imgeler dünyasında oluşan yeni ifade biçimlerinin hayata geçişleri izlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda Avangart sanat tan Romantizme, Sembolizmden, Sürrealizme kadar kimi sanat akımlarının nesne-anlam, nesne-kavram ve nesne-söylem ilişkileri bakımından irdelenmesi öngörülmüştür. Temsiliyetin her sanat akımında farklı ele alınışına eşlik eden nesne ve bu ilişkiye şahitlik eden değer kavramı üzerinden, pop kültürün, marka, ikonizm, fetişizm, yozlaşma, taklit, mahremiyet, geçicilik, kimlik, benzeştirme, yeniden üretme, taşıma, manipülasyon vb. paradigmalarının modern ve sonrasında sanatın sorgulama alanında nasıl şekillendiğinin incelenmesi yapılmaktadır. Kuramcıların ve eleştirmenlerin savlarının eşliğinde ve örneklemler üzerinden gidilerek, Modern ve sonrası sanat ruhunun ve bu çerçevede pop kültür kavramlarının, geleneksel kabuller ile yer değiştirme süreçlerinin tespiti yapılmış, çağdaş sanata zemin hazırlayan sosyalsanatsal etkilerin tartışılması öngörülmüştür.Yayın Land art ve mekan bağlamında süre, süreç, temsiliyet problematiğinin dil ve mekan ilişkisi : sanatçının varoluşsal uzamı(Işık Üniversitesi, 2018-06-07) Mergin, Arzu; Hızal, Meriç; Işık Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sanat Kuramı ve Eleştiri Yüksek Lisans ProgramıThis study that I performed over the existential space of artist with an existential perspective has formed by examining the linguistic and spatial relation of time, process and representation of ‘Land Art’, which arose in the cultural environment of the 1960-70’s as an art movement, within the context of space. My study aims at making a proposition about the relations of artists with space, temporality (time, process) and representation, and the effects of these relations on language, space and space concept by using inductive method over the Land Art artists and their works. All references and parameters of ‘Land Art’ have been examined inclusively and over the samples spanning over an extensive scale in my study, which is consisted of nine main chapters. The problematic of nature and representation of nature and the existential space of artist have been dealt with as it will create a general framework over the important Land Art artists such as Hamish Fulton, Richard Long, Robert Smithson and Michael Heizer. As a conclusion in my study that I discussed with a flexible perspective with reference to Land Art artists, I can express that vision of artists, which offers us a new and fresh perspective, offers us new ways of seeing and perception versions by making an intense connection with space and language. It has been explored within the scope of my study that the space concept, which is produced mentally by artists, and their manners prioritizing this fictional space concept, and the intense and layered relation they established with language play a central and primary role in conceptualization of art. I can express that I am hopeful for my study, which examines the basic dynamics of Land Art and the relation that these dynamics established with language, space and space concept, to be effective in explaining the meaning of current artistic approaches and expansions that include ecological, environmentalist and ethical propositions.Yayın Public service announcements about migrants: strategic constructions to reduce prejudice(Anadolu Üniversitesi, 2025-06-30) Pandır, MüzeyyenIn countries with large refugee and migrant populations, it is crucial to build good relations between the newcomers and the host communities. One method of increasing social acceptance and reducing prejudice is using media-based information and awareness-raising activities. !is study examines "ve public service announcement (PSA) "lms prepared by the Turkish Presidency of Migration Management between the years 2017-2021 to increase the social acceptance of migrants, and discusses their potential to reduce prejudice. !e PSAs are examined using a visual content analysis method focusing on the migrant pro"le, narrative structure, language and tone, emphasis on di#erence or similarity, representation of stereotypes, and narrator. !ree main "ndings emerged from the study: Firstly, the PSAs feature a theme of “Great Türkiye”, which emphasizes the greatness of Turkish history and assigns a responsibility to Turkish people to protect those in need, ultimately constructing a superiority over migrants. Secondly, PSAs present migrants in an ambivalent way as capable people contributing to the Turkish economy (visual) and as people in need of help (narrative). !irdly, PSAs use emotional language to deliver messages of understanding and benevolence. Overall, the study argues that PSAs strategically construct Turks as superior and portray migrants as ambivalent to reduce the perception of migrants as a competitive threat to Turks and with an emotional language they make the didactic messages seem less oppressive and patronizing. While these strategies may promote acceptance, their long-term impact is questionable if they are not supported by the teaching of values such as equality and respect.Yayın Architectural images and values in banknote design: Turkish Republic E1. Emission Group(Gazi University, 2024-12-29) Süyük Makaklı, Elif; Ozar, BetülBanknotes are more than just a tool for economic exchange; they also represent the identity and shared ideals of the country they belong to. The elements used in banknote designs are a part of social values rather than aesthetic or visual features. The main design elements are images, color tones, flags, signatures, and various security codes. The designs symbolize the common values shared by societies and also their future goals. From ancient times to the present, banknotes featuring images of architectural structures have been popular. The images used are either pictures or abstractions of architectural structures. Abstractions often have broader meanings and symbolic connotations. Including the E9 emission group that is still used today, a total of 9 emission groups have been printed since the date of the Republic of Türkiye. The study focuses on the E1 Emission Group, the first banknotes of the Republic. It uses the descriptive analysis method to investigate the architectural, social, and cultural meanings of the architectural images on these banknotes. In addition to the functional and spatial characteristics of the architectural structures, their social, cultural, and historical meanings were evaluated with their periods' political and social atmosphere. The study reveals that banknotes are not only an economic tool but also a reflection of spatial and cultural values. The architectural images used on banknotes in the examined period emphasize common values and ideals and reflect the Republic's ideology and the period's spirit.Yayın Suriyeli mülteci kadınların temsili: temsilde stereotipler ve zorluklar(Asos Yayınevi, 2018-10-12) Pandır, Müzeyyen; Keskin, HalitBu çalışma Türk gazetelerinde Suriyeli mülteci kadın temsillerini konu edinmektedir. Toplumsal cinsiyet ve etnisite faktörlerinin kesişmesini göz önünde bulundurarak çalışma, gazetelerdeki Suriyeli kadın temsilleri "çaresizlik" ve "edilgenlik" temaları etrafında stereotipik ve hegemonik kadın ve mülteci temsillerini yeniden mi üretiyor, yoksa çeşitli temalar etrafında mülteci kadınların koşullarını, durumlarını ve hikayelerini farklı yeni biçimlerde anlatarak konvansiyonel temsillere karşı mı çıkıyor sorularına cevap aramaktadır. Çalışmada kullanılan örneklem, 2011 ve 2015 yılları arasında beş Türk gazetesinde yayınlanmış 1272 Suriyeli mülteci fotoğrafından oluşmaktadır. Çalışma özellikle mülteci kadınların hangi temalar etrafında temsil edildiği ve hangi temsil pratiklerinin kullanımıyla ne tür anlamlarla ilişkilendirildikleri konularına vurgu yapmaktadır.
