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Yayın Modeling and simulation support to the defense planning process(Sage Publications Inc, 2017-04-01) Çayırcı, Erdal; Özçakır, LütfüDefense planning is a crucial part of the defense process. It identifies the capabilities required for the future defense environment, analyzes the capability shortfalls, prioritizes them, and provides the fundamental inputs for their development. Modeling and simulation may significantly contribute to the success of defense planning. However, neither the theory nor the tools are mature enough to fulfill the defense planning requirements. Various types of simulation tools, such as static, dynamic, deterministic, stochastic, closed, discrete, continuous, and symbiotic, in multiple levels of resolution and fidelity are needed to support the different stages and phases. The verification and validation of the models and the analysis of the input and output data are critical. Yet another challenge is that the uncertainties related to the contemporary defense scenarios are mostly not in aleatory but in the epistemic domain. In this paper, we briefly present a new computer-assisted defense planning process. Then, we introduce the service-oriented cloud approach for the modeling and simulation support to the process.Yayın Developing andsSustaining outcomes assessment in english as a foreign language programs(Springer International Publishing AG, 2017) Staub, Donald FrancisEducational organizations are charged with one critical task: effectively and efficiently ensuring student learning. Traditionally, the determining factor for whether educational institutions had imparted knowledge on their students was simply to count the number of graduates. English as a Foreign Language (EFL) programs have followed this tradition, equating quality with numbers of successful program completers. Over the past two decades, the so-called accountability movement has put increasing pressure on schools to demonstrate quality by evidencing student learning through the assessment of learning outcomes. EFL programs are increasingly being asked to develop and implement learning outcomes assessment programs. To do so, however, can be arduous, and, if not approached thoughtfully, can lead to failure. This chapter explores the principles and practices that are generally believed to be must-haves for successful outcomes assessment programs. This is followed by a discussion of common pitfalls that lead to failure of such initiatives. Finally, the chapter proposes that EFL program leaders who are embarking upon an outcomes assessment process consider the Distributed Leadership model as a means for increasing the probability of success and sustainability of their outcomes assessment initiative.
