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Yayın Turkish sign language adaptation of the Turkish Health Literacy Scale-32(NLM (Medline), 2022-09-15) Ataseven Bulun, Mehtap; Çepni, Selden; Ermez, YusufSign language speakers are at a disadvantage in terms of health literacy due to the lack of health education materials in sign languages. Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) individuals are excluded from health literacy research due to the lack of measurement tools in their language of excellent f luency. This study aims to provide the literature with a tool that allows the measurement of health literacy among DHH individuals. The Turkish Health Literacy Scale (THLS)-32 was translated into Turkish Sign Language (TSL). After the THLS-32 was translated into TSL in video format, it was tested for validity and reliability. The translated version of the scale was administered to participants from a DHH association in Turkey who are f luent in TSL. Subsequently, a study was conducted with 207 DHH individuals. The study group was assessed in terms of their mean index scores and evaluated to have “limited health literacy” according to the THLS-32 classification. We conclude that the THLS-32 in TSL is suitable to measure health literacy in DHH individuals and to assess the impact of the health education system.Yayın The function of regressions in reading: Backward eye movements allow rereading(Springer, 2013-01) Booth, Robert William; Weger, Ulrich W.Standard text reading involves frequent eye movements that go against normal reading order. The function of these "regressions" is still largely unknown. The most obvious explanation is that regressions allow for the rereading of previously fixated words. Alternatively, physically returning the eyes to a word's location could cue the reader's memory for that word, effectively aiding the comprehension process via location priming (the "deictic pointer hypothesis"). In Experiment 1, regression frequency was reduced when readers knew that information was no longer available for rereading. In Experiment 2, readers listened to auditorily presented text while moving their eyes across visual placeholders on the screen. Here, rereading was impossible, but deictic pointers remained available, yet the readers did not make targeted regressions in this experiment. In Experiment 3, target words in normal sentences were changed after reading. Where the eyes later regressed to these words, participants generally remained unaware of the change, and their answers to comprehension questions indicated that the new meaning of the changed word was what determined their sentence representations. These results suggest that readers use regressions to reread words and not to cue their memory for previously read words.Yayın Multimodality in the classroom presentation genre: Findings from a study of Turkish psychology undergraduate talks(Elsevier Ltd, 2021-07) Gray, RobertDespite its obvious importance to learning and assessment across the academy, the undergraduate classroom presentation has received less research attention than other academic genres, and little is known about how multiple modes of communication are deployed within it. To explore how the use of different modes varied between sections, and how these actions affected the speech of presenters, this research into student presentations given at a university in Turkey combined a move-step analysis of speech with a mixed-methods study of multimodality. The study's main results were as follows: first, that presentation sections were distinctively configured by arrays of multimodal action; second, that the effectiveness of speech in performing specific moves in the genre was moderated in several specific ways by actions in other modes; and third, that some moves were performed in part by non-verbal actions. These findings are briefly discussed with reference to their theoretical and pedagogical implications.Yayın Left/right and front/back in sign, speech, and co-speech gestures: what do data from Turkish sign language, croatian sign language, American sign language, Turkish, Croatian, and English reveal?(Versita, 2011-09) Arık, EnginResearch has shown that spoken languages differ from each other in their representation of space. Using hands, body, and physical space in front of signers to represent space, do sign languages differ from each other? To what extent are they similar to spoken languages in their expressions of spatial relations? The present study targeted these questions by exploring the descriptions of static situations in sign languages (Turkish Sign Language, Croatian Sign Language, American Sign Language) and spoken languages, including co-speech gestures (Turkish, Croatian, and English). It is found that signed and spoken languages differ from each other in their linguistic constructions for the left/right and front/back spatial relation. They also differ from one another in their mapping strategies. Crucially, being a signer does not require more direct iconic mappings than a speaker would use. It is also found that co-speech gestures can complement spoken language descriptions.Yayın Jacques Derrida ve Ludwig Wittgenstein’in dilkuramları bağlamında Jaume Plensa, eserleri ve aracı dil arayışı(Sibel Kılıç, 2017-12-31) Tatlıcı, GizemDil ile dünya kavrayışı arasındaki bağ, sözsel ve görsel olmak üzere görünürde farklı olan iki ifade biçimiyle algılanmaktadır. Bu iki ifade biçimi de gerek edebiyatta gerek görsel sanatlarda kullanılan kelimelere dayanmaktadır. Kelimeler sesli olduklarında çoklu yorumlar içerirler. Buna karşılık görsel dilin dili yoktur; yani kelimeler sadece sesli olarak düşünülürse, görsel olarak böyle bir dilden değil, renkler ve biçimler aracılığıyla kendini ortaya koyan ve böyle olunca da sözsel dil ile görsel dil arasında bağlantı kuran aracı dilden bahsedilebilir. Bu aracı dil, bir dilin en yetkin biçimiyle karşılık bulduğu edebiyatın kullandığı kelime ve harfleri-sembolleri kullanarak görsel dille plastic dil arasında bir bağlantı kurmaya çalışır. Görsel sanatlarda ortaya konulan eserlerin, aracı dil ile yeniden okunduğu takdirde henüz çözülmemiş birtakım şifreler içerdiği keşfedilecektir. Bu şifreler çözüldüğünde sanatçının anlatmak istediği düşünce, her ne kadar görünürde anlaşılması zor olsa da, aracı dil vasıtasıyla tekrar yorumlandığında yeni ve aslında gizli, bir ifade biçimi kazandığı ortaya çıkacaktır. Başka bir deyişle, görsel sanatlarda soyutlama seviyesi arttıkça anlatımcının dilden uzaklaştığı zannedilen eserlerinin, aracı dil vasıtasıyla yeni bir ifade biçimi kazandığı söylenebilir. Bu makalede, Jacques Derrida ve Ludwig Wittgenstein’ın dile yaklaşımları karşılaştırılarak, bu aracı dilin ortaya çıkarılmasına çalışılacaktır. Ayrıca yapısökümünün sağladığı geniş imkanlar çerçevesinde Wittgensteincı dil anlayışının soyut eserleri yorumlama ve alımlamada daha etkili olduğu gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır. Aracı dilin bir sanat eserini alımlamada ve yorumlamada yeni imkanlar sunması ve aynı zamanda yapısökümcü kuramın aracı dili ortaya çıkarmada en önemli araç olduğu gösterilecektir. Bu iddianın bir uygulaması olarak, günümüz heykel sanatının önemli isimlerinden Jaume Plensa’nın eserleri bu aracı dil vasıtasıyla yeniden yorumlanarak farklı bir yöntemin gerekliliği ortaya konacaktır.Yayın Analyzing language ability in first-episode psychosis and their unaffected siblings: a diffusion tensor imaging tract-based spatial statistics analysis study(Elsevier Ltd, 2024-11) Çabuk, Tuğçe; Şahin Çevik, Didenur; Çakmak, Işık Batuhan; Yılmaz Kafalı, Helin; Şenol, Bedirhan; Avcı, Hanife; Karlı Oğuz, Kader; Toulopoulou, TimotheaSchizophrenia (SZ) is a highly heritable mental disorder, and language dysfunctions play a crucial role in diagnosing it. Although language-related symptoms such as disorganized speech were predicted by the polygenic risk for SZ which emphasized the common genetic liability for the disease, few studies investigated possible white matter integrity abnormalities in the language-related tracts in those at familial high-risk for SZ. Also, their results are not consistent. In this current study, we examined possible aberrations in language-related white matter tracts in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP, N = 20), their siblings (SIB, N = 20), and healthy controls (CON, N = 20) by applying whole-brain Tract-Based Spatial Statistics and region-of-interest analyses. We also assessed language ability by Thought and Language Index (TLI) using Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) pictures and verbal fluency to see whether the scores of these language tests would predict the differences in these tracts. We found significant alterations in language-related tracts such as inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) and uncinate fasciculus (UF) among three groups and between SIB and CON. We also proved partly their relationship with the language test as indicated by the significant correlation detected between TLI Impoverished thought/language sub-scale and ILF. We could not find any difference between FEP and CON. These results showed that the abnormalities, especially in the ILF and UF, could be important pathophysiological vulnerability indexes of schizophrenia. Further studies are required to understand better the role of language as a possible endophenotype in schizophrenia with larger samples.Yayın Formal thought disorder and familial risk in first-episode psychosis: A study of cortical thickness and neuroimaging-transcriptomic association analysis(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2026-01-16) Çabuk, Tuğçe; Zhang, Yuanchao; Palaniyappan, Lena; Şahin Çevik, Didenur; Avcı, Hanife; Çakmak, Işık Batuhan; Yılmaz Kafalı, Helin; Şenol, Bedirhan; Karlı Oğuz, Kader; Toulopoulou, TimotheaFormal thought disorder (FTD), a prominent feature of schizophrenia, encompasses disruptions in thought, language, and communication. This study examines cortical thickness (CT) alterations in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients (N = 24), their siblings (SIB) (N = 21), and healthy controls (CON) (N = 21) to explore potential neural correlates of FTD. Using structural MRI, we analyzed whole-brain CT and its relationship with positive and negative FTD measured by Thought and Language Index. Out-of-sample spatial correlations of gene expression with regional CT were also performed using a transcriptomic dataset. FEP had significant CT reductions in right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) compared with SIB and CON and in superior frontal gyrus (SFG) compared to CON; but SIB did not differ from CON. GLM analyses demonstrated that negative FTD exerted a significant main effect on CT in the MFG and SFG. By contrast, positive FTD showed no significant associations with CT. Neuroimaging-transcriptomic association analysis identified key biological pathways linked to cortical morphology. These findings emphasize the specific association between negative FTD and CT alterations in frontal brain regions, confirming prior reports. Future research should examine larger cohorts and investigate additional FTD subtypes to further elucidate neural correlates and potential familial risks of schizophrenia.
