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Yayın The impact of supply chain integration on performance in humanitarian organizations(Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2026-01-05) Alaff, Monther; Karayaz, Gamze; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Çağdaş İşletme Yönetimi Doktora Programı; Işık Üniversitesi, School of Graduate Studies, Contemporary Business ManagementHumanitarian supply chains operate under conditions of extreme uncertainty, compressed timeframes, and complex multi-stakeholder coordination, where failure to deliver rapidly and adaptively can have life-or-death consequences. Despite this, most supply chain integration (SCI) theories remain rooted in commercial, market-driven contexts and offer limited explanatory power for humanitarian operations. This study addresses this gap by developing and empirically validating a humanitarian-specific SCI framework that captures the distinctive structural, ethical, and temporal realities of crisis response. Drawing on stakeholder theory, dynamic capabilities, and contingency theory, the research proposes a novel five-construct integration model encompassing beneficiary, internal, supplier, government, and partner integration. What distinguishes this study is its explicit reconceptualization of affected populations as central supply chain stakeholders rather than passive aid recipients, and its empirical demonstration that beneficiary integration is not merely a normative principle but a primary driver of operational performance. Using a mixed-methods design, the study combines a survey data from United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) staff across five crisis-affected contexts (Gaza, West Bank, Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan) with expert interviews to validate and enrich the quantitative findings. The results reveal a differentiated and context-sensitive integration–performance relationship. While all five integration dimensions positively influence lead time, beneficiary integration emerges as the strongest determinant of both lead time reduction and flexibility enhancement. Internal integration exerts a particularly powerful effect on flexibility, underscoring the role of cross-functional coordination and organizational agility in volatile environments. In contrast, supplier integration improves efficiency but contributes minimally to adaptability, exposing a structural paradox in humanitarian procurement systems. Government and partner integration function primarily as enabling conditions, providing legitimacy and access rather than direct performance gains. The study makes four original contributions. First, it extends SCI theory beyond commercial settings into high-uncertainty humanitarian environments. Second, it establishes beneficiary integration as a distinct, validated, and performance-critical construct. Third, it introduces a parsimonious yet powerful lead time–flexibility performance framework tailored to humanitarian operations. Fourth, it advances an Integration Performance Contingency Framework that explains how integration value varies across disaster phases and operational contexts. Together, these contributions offer both a new theoretical lens and actionable guidance from a practical perspective for humanitarian practitioners, policy makers, and donors seeking to enhance speed, adaptability, and effectiveness in increasingly complex crisis response operations.
