Işık Üniversitesi Kurumsal Akademik Bellek
Işık Üniversitesi tarafından doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak yayınlanan; kitap, makale, tez, bildiri, rapor, araştırma verisi gibi tüm akademik kaynakları uluslararası standartlarda dijital ortamda depolar, Üniversitenin akademik performansını izlemeye aracılık eder, kaynakları uzun süreli saklar ve telif haklarına uygun olarak Açık Erişime sunar.
Güncel Gönderiler
National income distribution: a countrywise analysis
(Suat Teker, 2024-07-30) Teker, Suat; Teker, Dilek; Güzelsoy, Halit
Purpose- This study aimsto analyze the changes in income distribution for selected developing countries over a time period in between 2015 and 2022, 8 years of observations. It hypothesizes that Covid19 pandemic period of 2020 and 2021 significantly impacted income distribution in all developing countries investigated. Methodology- Income distribution data for this study are extracted from the World Inequality Database addressing household income adjusted for after-tax income. Each household’s income is equally divided among the adult population aged 20 or older. The data are categorized into 10% income groups resulting in ten distinct income levels for the analysis. The study examines income distribution of five developing comprising Turkiye, Czechia, Greece, Hungary, and Romania. Findings- The top 10% of the population in the developing countries take 33% of national income on average. The average per capita income was $34,849 in 2015 and increased to $42,610 in 2022 after a dip of with a similar Covid19 dip. However, social policies generally failed resulting in income shifting from lower and middle-income groups to the top 30%. Conclusion- All countries implemented various social programs to support those most affected by Covid19. The social policies and measures implemented by governments to mitigate the effects of Covid19 appear to have been more successful in some of the developing countries comparing to the other developing countries. Although the developing countries could manage to increase their overall national income, they failed to restore their pre-pandemic income distribution. Significant income transfer occurred from the bottom 20% and middle 50% to the top 30% in these countries.
Determinants of Bitcoin price movements
(Suat Teker, 2024-07-30) Teker, Dilek; Teker, Suat; Demirel, Esin
Purpose- Investors want to include Bitcoin in their portfolios due to its high returns. However, high returns also come with high risks. For this reason, the volatility prediction of Bitcoin prices is the focus of attention of investors. Because Bitcoin's volatility is used as an important input in portfolio selection and risk management. This means that the models to be used in predicting Bitcoin volatility increases the importance of performance. In this research; A comparative examination of the models applied for Bitcoin shows an effective performance in volatility prediction. It is very important for evaluation. The aim of this study is to model Bitcoin price returns and to examine future return predictions and return directions using historical Bitcoin prices. Methodology- Many models have been used in studies on financial instruments and price predictions. Models such as linear and nonlinear regression, Random Walk Model, GARCH and ARIMA fall into this category. Nonlinear econometric models such as ARCH and GARCH are used for financial time series with variable volatility. These models assume that the variance is not constant. In this study, first Bitcoin price returns for the period between January 2020 and December 2023 will be modeled with the GARCH model, and then the ARCH-GARCH models will be used for future prediction of returns for the period between January 2024 and June 2024. Finally, the actual values will be compared with the forecasted values. In other words, the primary aim of this study is to use the daily Bitcoin closing price between May 2020 and December 2023 to estimate the returns for the periods of 2024 and compare it with the actual returns. Findings- The analysis reveals that GARCH Model results showed that in the mean and variance equations, it is seen that all variables are except intercept of the mean equation significant according to the error level of 0.05. Namely, the reaction and persistence parameters are significant accourding to 0.05 in the variance equation. Both the coefficient of the reaction parameter and the coefficient of the persistent parameter are higher than zero (positive). Also, the coefficient of the reaction parameter plus the coefficient of the persistent parameter approximately equals 0.72. That is, it is lower than 1 and higher than zero (positive). The level of persistence is not too high. So, we do not think about non-stationary variance in the model. Reaction parameter’s coefficient is 0.13. And persistence parameter’s coefficient is 0.58. As we can see, persistent parameter is much higher than reaction parameter. That is, when there is a new shock that creates the persistent parameter, that shock will be in effect for a long time, it will not disappear immediately. That is, a significant part of the shock that occurs in one period flows into the next period. After determining the appropriate mean and variance models, a forecast is made using Automatic ARIMA forecasting for BITCOIN return forecasting. This forecast is made for the first five months of 2024, without adding the actual values of the first five months of 2024 to the data. The program ranks the most appropriate model. The program chose GARCH(3,3) as the most appropriate model in "bitcoin return prediction". Conclusion- The results of the test applied in the study can be summarized that the unit root test results showed that it was necessary to work with return series. GARCH(1,1) model results show when there is a new shock that creates the persistent parameter, that shock will be in effect for a long time, it will not disappear immediately. That is, a significant part of the shock that occurs in one period flows into the next period. According to GARCH automatic forecasting results, the best GARCH model that models Bitcoin return is the GARCH(3,3) model. According to these model results, although the slopes of the actual and forecasted return series move in the same direction, the model remains weak for forecasting. In future studies, it may be recommended to estimate Bitcoin returns with non-linear models.
Ageism and glass ceiling: barriers to advancement for women in Turkish banking
(Suat Teker, 2024-07-30) Dönmez, Sena; Tuncay Çelikel, Aslı
Purpose- The Turkish banking industry is known for its dynamism, where customer issues demand swift resolution, decisions must be made expeditiously, and employees are persistently pressured to meet targets. This engenders a highly stressful and demanding work environment. This paper examines the role of ageism in this industry, emphasising how gender and age-related biases intensify the “glass ceiling” as a chronic syndrome for employees. The objective of the research is to comprehend the impact of these biases on women across different age groups. Methodology- In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 female banking employees in Istanbul, Turkey. The participants included managers and branch employees from 16 different banks. A convenient sampling method was employed, and participants were invited to respond to open-ended questions regarding their experiences and motivations. Findings- The banking sector is characterised by a high level of stress, tight deadlines and the pressure to achieve key performance indicators (KPIs), which can have a significant impact on the well-being of women employees across all age groups. The study revealed a generational divide in motivations and expectations. Younger women prioritised favourable work conditions and salary, while senior women expressed a desire for early retirement due to burnout. Despite this, women of all age groups articulated a desire for career advancement and recognition, underscoring the pivotal role of managerial support and transparent expectations for future success. While extrinsic rewards remained a primary motivator, intrinsic rewards also played a role. Additionally, generational differences in expectations regarding motivation were observed. Conclusion- The dissolution of the glass ceiling necessitates the creation of an environment wherein individuals from disparate generational cohorts are able to provide mutual support, and age-based discriminatory practices are reduced. The acknowledgement and remuneration of employees’ competencies and expertise, in conjunction with the promotion of collaborative endeavours, can facilitate the development of a more equitable and nurturing work environment.
From the guest editors: “design, populism and politics”
(Işık Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2024-07-09) Pasin, Burkay; Demirbaş, Özgen Osman
Today, ‘design’ has become a concept that is frequently used in every field, in an awkward and populist manner. Hair design, nail design, feng shui design, wellness design, and city design are some of these conceptions that reduce the value of design, manipulate its meaning, as well as empty its content. For professional designers and design scholars, this situation has become more critical, as they start losing their intellectual voice and professional legitimacy among all those who use and consume the concept of design, regardless of its context. On the other hand, when we consider it from a global perspective, we see that design is one of the most dominant concepts in the strategic planning and development policies of developed and/or developing countries. In a way, it has also become a powerful tool of politics, re-conceptualized in populist discourses and practices of authorities and decision-makers.
Bir diyalog ortamı olarak üretken yapay zeka: tasarımda anlamsal arayış sürecinin temsili
(Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, 2024-07-04) Ozar, Betül; Koca, Duygu
Tasarım süreci, birbirine bağlı ve yinelemeli adımlar içeren döngüsel bir yapıya sahiptir. Üretken yapay zekâ, tasarlayan ile diyalog kurarak tasarım sürecine yeni bir ortam önerir. Bu ortam, süreçteki ilişkilerin keşfine izin verir ve döngüsel yaklaşımın deneyimlenmesine olanak sağlar. Çalışma bu doğrultuda, üretken yapay zekânın temsil üretebilme potansiyeli üzerine odaklanır ve “üretken yapay zekâ, kavramsal ve biçimsel ilişkilerin keşfedildiği anlamsal arayış sürecinde bir ortam olarak kullanılabilir mi?” sorusunu araştırır. Çalışmada ‘uygulama odaklı’ (practice-led) araştırma yöntemi benimsenmiştir. Bu kapsamda bir süreç deneyini içeren çalışma, üretileni temsil etmek yerine temsille üretmeye odaklanır. Metinden imgeye ve imgeden imgeye olmak üzere iki fazdan oluşan süreç, üretken yapay zekânın olanaklarını ve kısıtlarını görebilmek için bir araştırma ve keşif ortamı olarak kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak tasarlayan özne ve üretken yapay zekâ iş birliğinde tek tıklamayla donuk görseller oluşturmak yerine devingen temsillerin üretilebileceği anlaşılmıştır. Bu anlayış, yeni bir ortamın tanımını üretirken gelecekteki benzer deneyimlerin yorumlanabilmesine zemin hazırlar.
