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Divergent metrics: exploring supply chain performance in humanitarian organizations versus public and private sectors
(Asos Yayınları, 2024-10-12) AlAff, Monther; Karayaz, Gamze; Aysuna Türkyılmaz, Ceyda
Humanitarian organizations operate under conditions that require rapid response and flexibility, often in crisis situations where traditional supply chain metrics may not be applicable. Their focus on speed, adaptability, and stakeholder engagement contrasts sharply with the public and private sectors, which typically prioritize efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and long-term strategic planning. This paper investigates the differences in supply chain performance measurement between humanitarian organizations and the public and private sectors, highlighting the unique challenges and objectives that define each domain. Through a thorough literature review, we examine existing frameworks and metrics used in supply chain performance evaluation across these sectors. To achieve this goal, a systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing 57 articles published between 2000 and 2024 across four databases: IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, Scopus, and JSTOR. Our analysis reveals that while public and private sectors benefit from established performance metrics such as ROI and inventory turnover, humanitarian organizations often rely on qualitative measures and emergent indicators that capture the complexities of disaster response. As a result, this research introduces a model for supply chain performance specifically tailored for humanitarian organizations. The model includes the most relevant metrics and attributes to assist both researchers and practitioners in their future work.
Business ethics and exploring its alignment with corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices
(2016-09-14) Uyan Atay, Bilge; Tuncay Çelikel, Aslı; Özçelik, Gaye
There is a growing recognition that ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) have influences on the value system of the firm. Earlier studies have shown that good ethics is good business for consumer groups and society at large, which also helps a positive economic impact on theperformanceof firms.CSRisaphenomenon that represents those situations where the firm goes beyond compliance and engages in actions that take into account stakeholders’ expectations. The main purpose of this study to show how ethics culture developed in companies situated in Turkey with the alignment of CSR. That is, after consideration of the values of business ethics in the corporate social responsibility literature, the aim is to investigate the degree to which Turkish business have been acting in accordance with these values. To this end, companies located in Turkey that have published codes of ethics as well as CSR and sustainability reports were analysed to identify the links among values, ethics and corporate social responsibility when they are incorporated into the culture and management of a firm.
Innovative culture and total quality management as a tool for sustainable competitiveness: a case study of Turkish fruit and vegetable processing industry
(2002-01-04) Akgüngör, Sedef; Camgöz Akdağ, Hatice; Tuncay Çelikel, Aslı
The paper aims to explore the dimensions of quality management practices as a tool for innovativeness and determine the which dimensions of the quality management practices best differentiates the firms with low innovative culture from the firms with high innovative culture. A mail survey with a sample of processed fruit and vegetable product exporters in Turkey was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Factor analysis is used to reduce the 22 total quality management practices into a smaller set of dimensions. The resulting dimensions (factors) were used as independent variables for discriminant analysis. Discriminant analysis follows from the findings of previous research in which two independent firm clusters were identified through cluster analysis using quality management variables. Following the cluster definitions of the previous research, the dependent variable of the discriminant function measures whether the firm is characterized by low innovativeness or high innovativeness. Factor analysis reduced 22 quality management practices into 6 factors. The quality management dimension that best discriminates the two groups is standardication of work. Presence or absence of ISO certificate did not reveal much power to differentiate the two groups.
Innovativeness of Turkish automobile industry: an application of Porter’s national competitiveness model
(ISPIM, 2005-06-22) Tuncay Çelikel, Aslı; Tuncay, Ramazan Nejat
This paper aims to investigate the innovativeness of passenger car segment in automobile industry which is emphasized as one of the leading manufacturing sectors in Turkey. The corporations in the industry, foreign trade activities (import and export rates) and product & sales values of the five multinational passenger car manufacturing firms will be evaluated. The innovativeness of the industry, evidence of clustering and exchange of ideas will be clarified and whether there is an existence of regional innovation networks in automobile industry or not will be explored. It also includes the investigations of how the micro (clusters, learning regions) and macro (state) elements interact and support the industry to enhance regional development. Lastly, Porter’s National Competitiveness Model is applied to automobile industry in Turkey. The methodology of the research is using secondary data (statistics from Automotive Industry Association, company reports and internet resources) and face to face interview with the company executives, key informants and academicians.
Factors affecting R&D collaboration of MNEs with their local partner firms: case study of Ford Motor Company and Otosan
(ISPIM, 2009-06-24) Tuncay Çelikel, Aslı; Ansal, Hacer
In the last decades, R&D strategies and international location decisions of MNEs have changed substantially as they increasingly set up R&D facilities outside their home country in some developing countries where the R&D activities go beyond adaptation for local markets. This research explores the factors affecting R&D collaboration of MNEs and their local partner firms through a case study carried out in Turkey. The data collection method is face-to-face in-depth interviews with automotive companies’ R&D managers and engineers. Findings showed that Ford Motor Co. and Otosan's R&D collaboration is based upon a long partnership in manufacturing during which R&D capability and absorptive capacity of Otosan gradually increased. On the other hand, low labour costs, high government incentives for R&D, appropriate infrastructure to carry out R&D activities in Turkey as well as skilled and well educated R&D staff are important factors for Ford. Ford and Otosan's R&D collaboration is a success story of how two production partner firms could collaborate in R&D activities.
National competitiveness: a conceptual framework and its application to Turkey (WP)
(AIB, 2005-04-09) Ferman, Murat; Özçelik, Gaye; Uyan, Bilge; Tuncay, Aslı
This paper is an exploratory study proposing a conceptual model of national competitiveness and suggests that the competitiveness of a nation is primarily dependent on the rate of productivity growth. According to the conceptual model drawn, productivity growth in turn is dependent on the infrastructure, the human knowledge base and the government. The paper explains the way these factors interact in reinforcing the rate of productivity growth leading to greater national competitiveness. The concept of national competitiveness is based on an extensive literature review and formulation of a conceptual framework inspired by the theories and discussions. The second objective of the paper is to examine Turkey comprehensively in terms of its degree of national competitiveness based on the variables conceptualized in the model. The model also tries to identify the extent of success Turkey has realized and challenges it has faced in developing national competitiveness. Along with the objectives of maintaining endogenous growth so as to upgrade itself among the ranking in national competitiveness, and coupled with the efforts of its accession process to the European Union, Turkey has made some significant improvements in some of the competitiveness variables, though it needs to take further steps to enhance its growth. The data collection process of the study is based to a great degree on secondary data gathered from the reports of universities, companies, press, and Internet resources. Some statistical data and information are also derived from the State Statistical Institute (DIE) of Turkey, the Turkish Industrialists’ and Businessmen’s Association (TÜSİAD), the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK), and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Infrastructure is a very important component of productivity. The results suggest that though Turkey has made some advancement in technology and innovation, it needs to further enhance its physical and technological infrastructure in order to improve productivity and attract more foreign direct investment (FDI). Turkey should be taking significant actions to attract more FDI against high competition from other countries through more privatization initiatives taken by the government and by sustained political stability of the government. The second variable is the human knowledge base which includes the level and quality of education and labor force effectiveness in a nation. Turkey has made significant progress in the higher education sector, which presently comprises 85 universities. The fact that the labor force is a crucial component for rising productivity, the cost of labor in Turkey is found to be much lower than EU countries due to the average effective tax rates on labor. In addition, labor productivity has increased in both private and public sector. Furthermore Turkey has demonstrated improvements in its macro-stabilization by putting into effect institutional reforms after the 2000-2001 crisis. Today, Turkey maintains its macroeconomic stability which has resulted in the rise of GDP and continuous declines of inflation to single-digits. Turkey has achieved significant developments through its economical, political and social reforms. Nevertheless making a greater effort to strengthen domestic productivity, attracting more FDI, investing in the educational system and increasing labor productivity and government efficiency would significantly enable Turkey’s emerging economy to realize full competitiveness around the world in a critical period to accede endeavors to EU.
Türkiye’de muhasebecilerinin stratejik yönetim sürecine katılımı
(Işık University, 2015-06-05) Falcıoğlu, Pınar; Güner, Ayşegül
Muhasebecilerinin işletmeler içindeki geleneksel rolü, karar vericiler için gerekli bilgi ve veri üretimini sağlamak iken, yönetim muhasebesinin ortaya çıkışı ve son gelişmeler ile ilgili çalışmalar, muhasebecilerinin, görev ve sorumluluk alanlarının genişlediğini ve stratejik yönetim sürecine dahil olmaya başladıklarını ortaya koymuştur. Muhasebeciler, öncelikle yalnızca finansal veri girişi ve üretimi yapan çalışanlar olarak görülürken; yönetim muhasebecisi olarak da adlandırabileceğimiz muhasebeciler, verilerin analizinde ve kararların oluşumunda yer alan iş ortakları olarak görülmeye başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki muhasebecilerinin hala pasif bilgi sağlayıcıları olarak mı, yoksa işletmelerin karar mekanizmalarında aktif olarak mı rol oynadıkları araştırılarak, muhasebecilerin stratejik yönetim sürecine katılım derecesini ortaya koymak hedeflenmektedir. Bu hedefle bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki muhasebecilerin işletmelerdeki temel görev ve sorumlulukları, sahip oldukları ve kullandıkları temel bilgi ve becerileri, ve karar mekanizmalarına katılım şekilleri, stratejik yönetim sürecinin temel taşlarına esas olacak şekilde, anket yoluyla sorgulanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda oluşan anket bulgularına göre, çalışanlar örgüt gelişimi ve işletme performansı ile ilgili planlama, analiz ve sentez gerektirecek finansal olmayan görevlerinin artacağını ; finansal olmayan veri kullanımı ve sözlü iletişim becerilerinin önem kazanacağını öngörmektedirler. Bulgular, Türkiye’deki muhasebecilerin ve muhasebe birimlerinin stratejik yönetim sürecine dahil olduklarını göstermektedir..
Perceptions of an active learning experiment insmall-team environment
(Işık University, 2015-06-05) Falcıoğlu, Pınar; Sabah, Selen
Team-based learning, is a learner-centred, instructor-directed strategy that incorporates class-based teamwork and assessment to enhance active learning and critical thinking. The aim of this study is to analyze the perceptions of Business Administration students who have been actively involved in an active team based learning course.With this aim; sophomore students have been asked about their perceptions about team-based learning both in the beginning and at the end of the semester after attenting a ‘Multinational Corporations’ course. An average of 35 students have answered the questions based on how they feel about having small team environment and student taught lectures as part of the method of delivering a course, about whether they have the abilities to evaulate text, develop a lecture, make a presentation , apply theory to a specific case and present a topic to the class. The results indicate that perceptions of students change about team work, they also develop skills required to work in small teams, particularly presentation and lecture developing skills. The results of the study provide us information on how to develop new skills and methods to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of small-team members.
Emergence of global innovation networks evidence from European multinationals
(Işık University, 2015-06-05) Tuncay Çelikel, Aslı; Tunzelmann, Nick von
During the past two decades, multinationals have been the major actors for establishing global innovation networks (GINs) via knowledge producing in order to gain new market opportunities. In these networks, innovation is created and shared in different locations around the world among actors like government, non-governmental institutions, and universities or multinational’s different partners like subsidiaries and suppliers. Even customers involve in GINs as a source of information for new ideas. Therefore, the objective of the paper is to investigate what global innovation networks are, why they are created and what policy implications they pose for Europe. The findings presented in the paper are based on a survey and case studies conducted by INGINEUS7, and on a series of qualitative and quantitative data of three industries: agro-food (agricultural processed products), ICT (information communication technologies) and automotive. INGINEUS project findings reveal that among 1215 European firms, few of them are involved in real global innovation networks.
The electric car revolution capabilities of the multinational car manufacturers and the important role of the governments
(RADMA, 2011-06-30) Tuncay Çelikel, Aslı; Tunzelmann, Nick von
Nowadays multinational car manufacturers’ main concern is to develop fuel-efficient cars with fewer emissions. Recently some automotive manufacturers have already developed hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs). Some governments are providing incentives to R&D projects for electric cars and EV charging points/filling stations. For all these efforts, there have been very little to show for the outcomes as far as electric vehicles are concerned over the past century during which they have been under development. Why is the case? The fault is usually attributed to failings on the supply side, namely weaknesses of technological ‘stretch-out’ especially in regard to the batteries. We look in turn at supply capabilities, production capabilities and consumer capabilities, to reassess the dynamic capabilities associated with their interaction; to find that it is a combination of all three that best explains the long delay associated with the introduction of this technology and complex product system.
Recent developments of R&D activities on green automotive technologies in Turkey and the role of Turkish government
(GERPISA, 2010-06-09) Tuncay Çelikel, Aslı
This research explores applications of Turkish regional policy makers towards the current crisis and the greening of the global auto industry. The methodology of the research is case study and data collection is face to face interview with AMA (Automotive Manufacturers Association) director and manufacturing auto companies’ R&D managers as well as surveys on data published by governmental institutes. Since 1960’s, there has been a great improvement in the quantity of the products and their conformity to international standards in Turkish auto industry. Production in Turkey is generally handled by Multinational Enterprises and their local partner firms e.g. Ford-Otosan, Renault-Oyak, Fiat-Tofaş, Isuzu-Anadolu, Peugeot-Karsan, Iveco-Otoyol, Mitsubishi-Temsa and Land Rover-Otokar. OEMs like Toyota, Mercedes, MAN and Honda also stand alone without local partner firms’ collaboration. Turkey as being one of important production clusters in Eastern Europe was affected by the current crisis and introduced tax reductions in order to overcome the crisis. In terms of greening, Turkey has a long running incentive program. Turkish government is providing incentives up to 60 % of the expenses of R&D projects for clean energy technologies, including Electric (EV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV). Fuel-efficient vehicles with reduced emissions are some of popular R&D projects. Ford’s partner Otosan and Fiat’s Tofaş have completed R&D works on hybrid cars; however hybrids are not yet launched in Turkey by the local firms. Recently, there have been some collaborative research activities and joint manufacturing plans between Multinationals and their local partners on EV’s. It seems that, this would yield some new brands manufactured in Turkey. In summary, this study briefly presents the recent developments of R&D activities on green automotive-technologies in Turkey and, evaluates the (impact) role of the Turkish government’s policy on this issue.
Integrated research and development networks case study of Nestle company
(Academy of Intenational Business Conference, 2016-04-09) Tuncay Çelikel, Aslı; Mehrdana, Mina
[No abstract available]
Problems in between real employer outside contractor at Turkish ship building industry solutions and suggestions
(EBES Publications, 2013-01-13) Soykut Sarıca, Yeşim Pınar
[No abstract available]
A decent social response to the recent economic crisis situations
(EBES Publications, 2010-10-30) Soykut Sarıca, Yeşim Pınar
[No abstract available]
Leaders as enablers creating ecologies of innovation within organizations
(Sawyer Business School, 2013-06) Yüksel, Ahmet Hakan
Organizations are expected to devise adroit actions in the face of prevailing complexity in business environment. Under the circumstances of intensive competition in global markets, dealing with the concept of innovation entails to embrace a more profound coverage than generally ascribed. Innovation is about building capabilities that will eventually be materialized into novel ways of doing things. The very essence of innovation lies in its ability to carry a work process to a superior level of value generation. Therefore, leaders (leadership) are supposed to be reengineered as enablers who function as catalyst for the transformation of organizations into ecologies of innovation where building capabilities and creation of knowledge are continuous endeavors. This conceptual paper aims to tap into the heart of this matter and deal with the relationship between becoming innovative and the appropriate context of leadership that should be instilled in contemporary organizations.
Blokzincir teknolojisi ve pazarlamadaki uygulamaları
(Işık Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2022-05) Tavman, Emine Başak
Blokzincir benzersiz yapısı nedeniyle günümüzün en önde gelen yıkıcı teknolojilerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Blokzincir teknolojisi işletmelerde, finans, tedarik zinciri yönetimi, üretim, insan kaynakları, muhasebe denetim vb. gibi çok çeşitli sektörlerde sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) tabanlı blokzincir uygulamaları, ağ katılımcılarına sunduğu güvenlik, kayıt tutma, işlem yürütme verimliliği ve otomasyon çözümleri sayesinde yenilikçi çözümler sunarak sektördeki iş yapış şekillerini değiştirmektedir. Blokzincir teknolojisi, şeffaflığı teşvik etmesi, tüketici gizliliğini koruması, verilerin izlenebilirliğini sağlaması ve işlem ve yatırım maliyetlerini azaltması nedeniyle, son yıllarda araştırmacıların ve uygulayıcıların ilgisini çekmektedir. Günümüzde birçok şirket operasyonlarını yönetmek için blokzincir teknolojilerini kullanmaktadır. Blokzincir teknolojisinin uygulanmaya başlandığı ve önemli gelişmeler gösterebileceği alanlardan biri de pazarlamadır. Literatürde yer alan blokzincir çalışmalarının çoğu, finans uygulamaları ile ilgilidir. Pratik önemine rağmen, bu yenilikçi teknolojinin pazarlama alanındaki uygulamalarını ele alan çalışmalar sınırlı sayıdadır. Bu çalışma, pazarlama ve pazarlama yönetiminde blokzincir uygulamalarını ele alarak, pazarlamada blokzincirin potansiyel kullanımlarını inceleyecektir. Çalışmanın amacı blokzincir teknolojisinin pazarlama alanındaki mevcut ve potansiyel kullanım alanlarını incelemek ve kullanım faydalarına değinmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ikincil veri analizi ile literatür taraması yapılarak pazarlamada halihazırda kullanılan blokzinciri uygulamaları incelenecek ve konuyla ilgili gelecekteki araştırmalar için öneriler sunulacaktır. Blokzincirin yeni bir teknoloji olması sebebiyle bu çalışmanın ileride gerçekleştirilecek çalışmalar için önem arz edeceği düşünülmektedir. Çalışmanın pazarlama alanında gelecekte gerçekleştirilecek blokzincir ile ilgili araştırmalara rehberlik etmesi hedeflenmektedir.
Çevrimiçi uygulama pazarında rekabetçi bir strateji olarak freemıum iş modelleri
(ISPEC Publications, 2021-11-26) Tavman, Emine Başak; Geybulla, Adil; İlkim, Mehmet
Freemium iş modeli, son yıllarda sayıları gittikçe ivme kazanan çevrimiçi uygulama pazarında yaygın kullanılan bir iş modeli haline gelmiştir. Bununla birlikte, girişimciler ve yöneticiler, freemium iş modellerini kullanan şirketlerin başarısı veya başarısızlığı üzerine sınırlı bir anlayışa sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, stratejik bir bakış açısıyla çevrimiçi uygulama pazarında freemium iş modeli ile başarılı olmanın anahtar noktalarını vurgulamaktır. Freemium, belirli bir ürünün müşteriye ücretsiz olarak sunulduğu, ürünün daha gelişmiş sürümü için ek ücret ödemesinden gelir sağlayan bir iş modelini ifade etmektedir. Literatürde freemium iş modelini inceleyen çalışmaların oldukça kısıtlı olduğu görülmektedir. Mevcut çalışma, freemium iş modelinin farklılaştırıcı özellikleri için bir çerçeve oluşturarak uygulayıcıların karar verme süreçlerine yardımcı olmayı hedeflemektedir. Çalışmada, freemium iş modelini uygulamada önemli faktörlerin neler olduğunu belirlemek için, freemium modelini benimseyen başarılı şirketlerin iş modelleri incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, ikincil veri analizine dayanılarak 5 başarılı freemium iş modeli (LinkedIn, Spotify, Evernote, DropBox ve Zoom) örneği incelenmiştir. Analiz bulguları, kullanıcı ihtiyaçlarına göre planlanması gereken ücretsiz ve premium sürüm özelliklerinin net bir şekilde ayrılması gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Pazarlama bakış açısından bakıldığında, ilk aşamada şirketler öncelikli olarak ücretsiz sürümü kullanan kullanıcılarına odaklanmalı, sonrasında ağızdan ağıza pazarlama ile mevcut müşteri tabanı genişletilmelidir. Ek olarak uygun bir ürün fiyatlandırması ve ek paket alternatifleri ile hedef segmentin ihtiyaçlarına uygun versiyonlar sunulmalıdır. Çalışmada sürdürülebilir bir freemium iş modeli geliştirmeyi başaran şirketler incelenerek, çevrimiçi uygulama pazarında freemium tekliflerinin nasıl konumlandırılacağı konusunda stratejik öneriler verilmiştir.
Çevrimiçi alışveriş motivasyonlarının elektronik ağızdan ağıza iletişim ve online satın alma niyeti üzerindeki etkisi
(IKSAD Publishing House, 2021-12-25) Tavman, Emine Başak; Kamat, Nandkumar M.; Ofluoğlu, Gökhan
Dijitalleşmedeki artış ve buna bağlı olarak e-ticaret sektörünün hızla büyümesi çevrimiçi alışverişi hiç olmadığı kadar güçlendirmiştir. Günümüzde tüketicilerin büyük bir çoğunluğu çevrimiçi alışverişi geleneksel alışverişe daha fazla tercih etmektedir. Elektronik ticaret, işletmeler için yeni fırsatlar yaratmış olsa da, çevrimiçi alışverişe yönelik tüketici motivasyonları hakkındaki sorular devam etmektedir. Dijitalleşme tüketicilerin elektronik ortamda birbirleri ile daha hızlı ve kolay şekilde bilgi edinmelerine olanak sağlamış, ağızdan ağıza iletişim yerini elektronik ağızdan ağıza iletişime bırakmıştır. Çevrimiçi kanallarda yayınlanan tüketici yorumları kişilerin satın alma kararlarında etkili olmaktadır. Çevrimiçi alışveriş pazarının muazzam büyümesi ve önemli etkisi göz önüne alındığında, çevrimiçi alışveriş motivasyonlarının elektronik ağızdan ağıza iletişim ve online satın alma niyeti üzerindeki etkisini anlamak hem araştırmacılar hem de uygulayıcılar için kritik önem taşımaktadır. Araştırmada kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmış ve veriler Google Form üzerinden çevrimiçi anket aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Çalışma 305 katılımcı üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada faktör analizi ve regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, çevrimiçi alışveriş motivasyonlarının boyutlarından olan fiyat duyarlılığı, indirim duyarlılığı, hizmet kalitesi ve yenilikçiliğin elektronik ağızdan ağıza iletişim ve online satın alma niyeti üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu ancak marka duyarlılığı boyutunun elektronik ağızdan ağıza iletişim ve online satın alma niyeti üzerinde etkisi olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularının e-ticaret şirketlerinin pazarlama stratejisi geliştirmelerine yol göstermesi beklenmektedir.
Determinants of cryptocurrency price movements
(Higher Education and Innovation Group (HEAIG), 2019-11) Teker, Dilek; Teker, Suat; Özyeşil, Mustafa
Cryptocurrency is a recent and popular topic that attracts the interest of investors and fund managers. Beyond the market discipline, researchers question the interaction between cryptocurrecies and macroeconomic variables. This study we focus on how the changes in gold and oil prices effect the daily price movements of different cryptocurrencies. The daily database includes prices of the cryptocurrencies of Bitcoin, Tether, Ethereum Litecon and EOS for the period between August 1, 2017 and April 3, 2019. Initially the stationarity of the series is tested by Ng and Perron (2001) method. The existence of the cointegration relationship between the series is tested by Johansen (1988) technique. The presence of causality relationships between the series is investigated with the Dolado and Lütkepohl (1996) causality test. The paper explains the details of the empirical findings.
What is Turkish economy currently telling us a comparative analysis of trade and labor market indicators
(Athens Institute for Education and Research, 2011-12-22) Soykut Sarıca, Pınar; Şen Taşbaşı, Aslı
In the aftermath of the 2007-2008 financial crisis, several economies including developed ones have experienced reductions in growth which can be attributed to falls in trade, commodity prices, investment and employment. In this context, this paper ascertains the current dynamics of trade and labor market in Turkey for the years 2007 to 2011 and presents an overview of the main mechanisms through which the crisis is impacting the country. We first evaluate the key indicators of the labor market, namely labor force participation rate, employment-topopulation ratio, employment by sector, hours of work, unemployment rate, working age population and wages. We then investigate the main trade indicators, i.e. trade of goods and services, current account deficit and balance of payments. By building a comparative perspective, we attempt to highlight some policy options available to countries confronting the crisis in order to have positive outcomes such as employment generation, improving aggregate welfare and a sound economic recovery.

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