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Yayın Future in higher education: digital university(Işık Üniversitesi, 2023-06-13) Eşkinat, Ali; Teker, Suat; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Çağdaş İşletme Yönetimi Doktora ProgramıCurrently, higher education institutions are facing the necessity to adapt their educational delivery methods and operate in a globalized marketplace. Universities must reconsider how they provide access to their courses anywhere and at any time. Not only do they need to meet the increasing digital expectations of Generation Z students, but they also have to be prepared for the upcoming Generation Alpha. The concept of higher education and the evaluation of its main actors, universities, have been widely discussed since the Medieval age. The first-generation University 1.0 emerged as information transfer centers in the 11th Century. Following that, the second-generation University 2.0 appeared as information transfer and research centers in the 19th Century. The 1970s witnessed the emergence of the thirdgeneration University 3.0, which encompassed information transfer, research, and application (university-industry) centers. Subsequently, the fourth-generation University 4.0 flourished as a digitalized university, relying on technological and social innovations during the digital transformation era of the 2000s. The aim of this thesis is to provide a forward-looking perspective on the upcoming fifth-generation University 5.0, particularly its projected rise by the 2030s as a digital university targeting the global market and conducting education activities in a translocal and transtemporal manner worldwide. Through an extensive literature review, this prediction was confirmed, considering the growing impact of digital transformation, technological innovations, and the attitudes and expectations of the existing Generation Z university students and their successors, Generation Alpha. To further investigate this, a research survey was conducted with three different groups: university students, academics, and employers/managers, comprising a total of 346 participants. The survey questionnaire was designed based on four main pillars of questions, employing a composite approach to clarify the eight hypotheses of this study. The findings revealed a significant and linear relationship between the participants' importance assigned to digital education and their importance placed on digitalization. Additionally, a significant and linear relationship was observed between the importance given to digital education and the importance given to university education. Both students' preferences and university strategies currently exhibit a positive approach towards the hybrid education model. Furthermore, a similar attitude is projected for the future prevalence of virtual education models after the 2030s. As a result, this study anticipates that universities will increasingly offer hybrid model education based on market demand until 2030, with varying adoption rates across different disciplines such as medicine, engineering, social sciences, and others. Beyond 2030, traditional universities will continue to utilize blended learning, while digital higher education institutions of University 5.0 will experience inevitable growth.Yayın Improving employee coping capabilities amid pandemic-induced remote working conditions via the application of MBSR (Mindfulness-based stress reduction) training(Işık Üniversitesi, 2022-06-17) Yelkencioğlu, İhsan; Yüksel, Ahmet Hakan; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Çağdaş İşletme Yönetimi Doktora ProgramıRemote working has become an essential part of the work environment since the COVID-19 pandemic. The old habits of business life changed instantly. Accordingly, some challenges emerged for both organizations and employees in adapting to the new situation. These challenges have created stress among employees, affecting their personal lives and business lives. This study examines the perceived stress, well-being, self-awareness, self-efficacy, and resilience levels of remote-working employees in Turkey before and after the eight-week, online Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) Program was implemented during the Covid-19 pandemic. For the implementation of the study, three groups of employees - all working remotely – were assembled. The first experimental group was 20 employees from an insurance company. The second experimental group was 14 employees from a beverage company. They all received the MBSR training, which was given by the author, for eight weeks. The third group was the control group of 33 employees from different sectors, and they did not receive any MBSR training. Before and after the MBSR program, a survey was conducted among both the control group and the experimental groups. In this current study, “The Perceived Stress Scale” was used to determine the stress level of the participants, “The WHO Well-being Scale” was used to determine the well-being level of the participants, “The Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale” was used to determine the self-awareness level of the participants, “The Brief Resilience Scale” was used to determine the resilience level of the participants, and “The General Self-efficacy Scale” was used to determine the self-efficacy level of the participants. The data collected from the surveys were evaluated through the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 program. The model employed by the research intends to indicate that there is a significant change in the perceived stress, self-awareness, self-efficacy, well-being, and resilience levels of those who received the MBSR training rather than in the levels of those who did not receive the MBSR training.Yayın Agritourism for the development of impoverished rural regions: generating value-added for the region(Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2025-12-26) Ak, Anda Elvan; Teker, Dilek; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Çağdaş İşletme Yönetimi Doktora Programı; Işık Üniversitesi, School of Graduate Studies, Contemporary Business ManagementRural poverty remains one of the most pressing global challenges, often driving migration from agricultural villages to urban centers. This trend reduces the agricultural workforce, leaves arable lands uncultivated, accelerates erosion, and heightens risks of future food insecurity. Addressing rural poverty, therefore, requires solutions rooted in rural areas. Agriculture is a very important element to overcoming this challenge, and when combined with tourism, it creates new opportunities for rural revitalization. Agritourism—an emerging form of tourism that integrates agricultural practices with the experiences of consumers—has demonstrated significant potential over the past decades to increase the incomes of small and medium-sized farmers while generating value-added for rural economies. This thesis explores agritourism’s role in rural development through two separate surveys conducted with potential agritourism consumers and farmers in Türkiye. Findings indicate that consumers while preferring authentic farm-based experiences, express their willingness to purchase local products, and associate agritourism with health, leisure, and environmental benefits. Farmers, on the other hand, while open to agritourism practices, require encouragement, training, and digital marketing support, and they generally prefer short-term, day-visit models. Obtained results suggest that fostering a supportive agritourism ecosystem requires targeted training, regional platforms for product promotion, and collaboration between farmers and academic researchers. This thesis highlights agritourism’s potential as a regenerative pathway for Türkiye’s rural regions, contributing simultaneously to poverty alleviation, cultural preservation, and sustainable tourism.Yayın “Revealing the gender gap: factors contrıbuting to women’s access to and use of external capital in social entrepreneurship”(Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2026-01-13) Özbay, Eser; Teker, Dilek; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Çağdaş İşletme Yönetimi Doktora Programı; Işık Üniversitesi, School of Grauate Studies, Contemporary Business ManagementSocial entrepreneurship plays a significant role in achieving inclusive and sustainable development by offering innovative solutions to social and environmental challenges. However, despite their strong social impact potential, women social entrepreneurs (WSEs) face substantial and multidimensional barriers in accessing external finance, which is one of the key determinants of business growth and sustainability. Gender-based biases, discriminatory evaluation practices, limited access to social and professional networks, and structural inequalities embedded in the financing ecosystem reduce the visibility and credibility of women-led social enterprises in the eyes of investors, leading them to secure significantly lower levels of external funding compared to similarly sized ventures. Against this background, grounded in the Six-Factor Integrated Theoretical Framework developed for this research, the study aims to examine WSEs’ access to and use of external capital in Türkiye from a gender-based and comparative perspective, and to provide empirical evidence and policy recommendations. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed, drawing data from both social entrepreneurs and investors. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with 7 women social entrepreneurs, 6 men social entrepreneurs, and 6 investors, while quantitative data were obtained through two separate surveys administered to 104 social entrepreneurs and 101 investors. A total of thirteen hypotheses were tested to examine how gender-based inequalities are reproduced through cognitive, institutional, and relational mechanisms. Quantitative findings indicate that WSEs perceive stronger gender-based barriers than men, view gender as an important determinant of access to finance, and report lower levels of financial self-efficacy and more limited access to investor networks. Investor-related findings reveal that, although awareness of gender bias is widespread, such awareness does not automatically translate into gender-equal funding decisions. Stereotypical evaluations based on sectoral fit, leadership perceptions, and risk assessments continue to shape investment decision-making processes. In contrast, transparency and standardized evaluation criteria were found to be more effective in reducing perceived gender bias. A holistic interpretation of the findings demonstrates that gender inequality in entrepreneurial finance stems not from individual capacity deficiencies, but from the design of financial decision-making systems and institutional structures. Accordingly, the study emphasizes the need for a multi-layered intervention approach that simultaneously addresses policy, organizational, and individual levels. At the policy level, legal recognition of social enterprises and the development of gender-responsive financial instruments are critical. At the organizational level, the adoption of standardized and gender-neutral evaluation processes is essential, while at the individual level, strengthening women social entrepreneurs’ financial confidence and investors’ reflexive awareness plays a supportive role. Despite its limitations related to self-reported data and context-specific sampling, the study provides a strong empirical foundation by examining WSEs’ access to finance from both entrepreneur and investor perspectives. It highlights the importance of systemic collaboration for the development of an inclusive and gender-responsive financial ecosystem.Yayın The impact of supply chain integration on performance in humanitarian organizations(Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2026-01-05) Alaff, Monther; Karayaz, Gamze; Işık Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Çağdaş İşletme Yönetimi Doktora Programı; Işık Üniversitesi, School of Graduate Studies, Contemporary Business ManagementHumanitarian supply chains operate under conditions of extreme uncertainty, compressed timeframes, and complex multi-stakeholder coordination, where failure to deliver rapidly and adaptively can have life-or-death consequences. Despite this, most supply chain integration (SCI) theories remain rooted in commercial, market-driven contexts and offer limited explanatory power for humanitarian operations. This study addresses this gap by developing and empirically validating a humanitarian-specific SCI framework that captures the distinctive structural, ethical, and temporal realities of crisis response. Drawing on stakeholder theory, dynamic capabilities, and contingency theory, the research proposes a novel five-construct integration model encompassing beneficiary, internal, supplier, government, and partner integration. What distinguishes this study is its explicit reconceptualization of affected populations as central supply chain stakeholders rather than passive aid recipients, and its empirical demonstration that beneficiary integration is not merely a normative principle but a primary driver of operational performance. Using a mixed-methods design, the study combines a survey data from United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) staff across five crisis-affected contexts (Gaza, West Bank, Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan) with expert interviews to validate and enrich the quantitative findings. The results reveal a differentiated and context-sensitive integration–performance relationship. While all five integration dimensions positively influence lead time, beneficiary integration emerges as the strongest determinant of both lead time reduction and flexibility enhancement. Internal integration exerts a particularly powerful effect on flexibility, underscoring the role of cross-functional coordination and organizational agility in volatile environments. In contrast, supplier integration improves efficiency but contributes minimally to adaptability, exposing a structural paradox in humanitarian procurement systems. Government and partner integration function primarily as enabling conditions, providing legitimacy and access rather than direct performance gains. The study makes four original contributions. First, it extends SCI theory beyond commercial settings into high-uncertainty humanitarian environments. Second, it establishes beneficiary integration as a distinct, validated, and performance-critical construct. Third, it introduces a parsimonious yet powerful lead time–flexibility performance framework tailored to humanitarian operations. Fourth, it advances an Integration Performance Contingency Framework that explains how integration value varies across disaster phases and operational contexts. Together, these contributions offer both a new theoretical lens and actionable guidance from a practical perspective for humanitarian practitioners, policy makers, and donors seeking to enhance speed, adaptability, and effectiveness in increasingly complex crisis response operations.
